Climate Change Impact On Oceans, Coastal Regions and Sea Water Intrusion

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON
OCEANS, COASTAL REGIONS

AND SEA WATER INTRUSION
INTRODUCTION
• Climate change is taking a toll on forests, farms, freshwater sources and the
economy – but ocean ecosystems remain the epicenter of global warming.
• Even with their vast capacity to absorb heat and carbon dioxide, oceans
were 0.17 degrees Celsius warmer in 2017 than in 2000, and the warming trend
appears to be accelerating.
• More than 90 percent of Earth’s warming since 1950 occurred in oceans.
• Five ways climate change is affecting our oceans:
1.Coral bleaching
2.Fish migration
3.Drowning Wetlands
INTRODUCTION (cond…)
4.Ocean acidification
5.A disastrous positive feedback loop
• Evidence of coastal climate change:

1.Sea-level rise
2.Higher atmospheric and oceanic temperatures
3.Changing precipitation rates
4.More frequent extreme weather events
INTRODUCTION (cond…)
• Causes for see level rise:
1.flooding
2.Increased salinity
3.Inundation of land habitat
4.Changes in shorelines
5.Damaged mangroves and wetlands
6.Groundwater depletion
TOPIC
• IMPACT ON OCEANS:
1. Coral bleaching:
• Coral bleaching events observed were probably due to anomalously warm
temperatures related to climate change.
• Mass coral bleaching results in the starvation, shrinkage and death of the corals
that support the thousands of species that live on coral reefs.
• Coral reefs are particularly sensitive to increases in temperature.
• New research shows that oceans are now experiencing longer and more severe
“marine heat waves” that could push even more ocean animals and ecosystems
to their limits.
TOPIC (cond…)
2. Fish migration:
• Many fish species are moving toward the poles in response to ocean
warming, disrupting fisheries around the world.
• A recent study predicts that the effects of climate change will force hundreds
of ocean fish northward, hitting North American fisheries.
3. Drowning wetlands:
• Rising sea levels, partly the result of heat absorbed by the ocean, is also
“drowning” wetlands.
• Such areas normally grow vertically fast enough to keep up with higher water
levels. But recently, this rise has accelerated to the point where wetlands can
no longer keep their blades above water.
TOPIC (cond…)
• Coral reefs and sea grass meadows are also in danger of “drowning” since they
can only photosynthesize in relatively shallow water.
4. Ocean acidification:
• Higher acidity is damaging many ocean species that use calcium carbonate to
form their skeletons and shells.
• Studies have shown that calcium carbonate formation is disrupted if water
becomes too acidic.
• Ocean acidification also appears to be affecting whole ecosystems, such as coral
reefs, which depend on the formation of calcium carbonate to build reef
structure, which in turn provides homes for reef organisms.
TOPIC (cond…)
5. A disastrous positive feedback loop:
• Acidification also appears to be reducing the amount of sulfur flowing out of the
ocean into the atmosphere.
• This reduces reflection of solar radiation back into space, resulting in even more
warming.
• This is the kind of positive feedback loop that could result in run-away climate
change – and of course, even more disastrous effects on the ocean.
TOPIC (cond…)
• IMPACT ON COASTAL REGIONS:
1. Physical impacts:
• Damage to critical infrastructure
• Interrupted access for emergency services
• Degradation of building materials and structures
• Changes in energy consumption
• Governance and institutional change
TOPIC (cond…)
2. Social impacts:
• Threat to life
• Decreased agricultural productivity
• Need for social protection programmes
• Displacement of people
• Food and freshwater insecurity
• Human conflict
• Health risk
TOPIC (cond…)
3. Economic impacts:
• Loss of income leading to economic depression
• Loss of employment in marine industries
• Depleted resources
• Inability to plan for economic development
• Adaptation and reconstruction costs
4. Environmental impacts:
• Damage to the ecosystem
• Impact on biodiversity
TOPIC (cond…)
• Pollution
• Reduced quality of surface, ground and drinking water
• Cost of environmental restoration
• Sea water or Salt water Intrusion:
• Salt water intrusion is a major concern commonly found in coastal aquifers
around the world.
• It is the movement of saline water into fresh water aquifers, caused by ground-
water pumping from coastal wells.
• Sea water has a higher density than freshwater. This density causes the pressure
under a column of the same height of fresh water.
TOPIC (cond…)
• Pressure difference cause a flow of saltwater to fresh water until the pressure
equalizes.
• Salt water intrusion lead to ground water quality degradation, including drinking
water etc…
TOPIC (cond…)
• Remedial measures to control the seawater intrusion:
• Build a large pool area that has been in the locality of seawater and channeled
the seawater back to the ocean, by this action the pressure of salt water near the
fresh water aquifer will be reduced
• Reduced waste of fresh water near the high risk area
• Supply water from another location
• Build more catchment area
• Recharging Techniques:
-Injection well
-Recharging well
-Induced recharge
CONCLUSION
• Around 10% of the world's population live or work in low-lying coastal regions.
• Coastal populations are highly vulnerable to climate change, being particularly
affected by rises in sea level and wave height, coastal erosion, cyclones, and
flooding.
• Oceans today absorb about one-third of the carbon dioxide humans send into the
atmosphere, about 22 million tons a day.
REFERENCES
• https://www.edf.org/blog/2013/10/08/5-ways-climate-change-affecting-our-ocea
ns
• https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/journals/land-journal/how-does-climate-change-affe
ct-coastal-regions
• https://www.lenntech.com/groundwater/seawater-intrusions
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CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON

OCEANS, COASTAL REGIONS

• Evidence of coastal climate change:

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