Wk2 TL2202 Circular Economy-2021
Wk2 TL2202 Circular Economy-2021
Wk2 TL2202 Circular Economy-2021
Disampaikan oleh:
Emenda Sembiring
perspective; magnitude of problems,
solid waste, circular economy; solid
waste management in Indonesia
Tale of two barges
Perspective
What is solid waste?
Solid waste are all the waste arising from human activities that
are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted
Solid waste is material, which is not in liquid form, and ‘has
no’ value to the person who is responsible for it.
Although human or animal excreta ends up in the solid
waste stream, generally the term solid waste does not
include such materials
Municipal solid waste: refers to solid waste from houses,
street and public places, shops, offices, and hospitals, which
are very often are the responsibility of municipal or other
governmental authorities
Perspectives
A. Waste Reduction :
B. Waste Handling, :
a) Segregation
b) Collection;
c) Transportation
d) Treatment
e) Landfiling
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SWM (Review Act 18/2008 ) Timbulan Sampah
b) Sustain,
c) Benefit, Pengumpulan
d) Fairness,
e) Conciousnes,
Pemindahan dan Pemisahan – Pemerosesan –
f) Inclusivity Pengangkutan dan Transformasi Sampah
g) Safety
h) Economic value Pembuangan Akhir
(Disposal)
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How waste is generated?
Bahan Baku Sisa
Sisa limbah
Manufaktur
Pengolahan Manufaktur
dan recovery Sekunder
Konsumen
Pembuangan
Akhir
Sumber : Tchobanoglous, Theisen & Vigil, 1993
PERSPECTIVE: WASTE COMPOSITION
2010)
Population generation Total waste Total waste
(l/c/d) (L/d) (Ton/d)
625,000,000
250,000,000 2.50
156,250
Magnitude of problem
Global map with each country shaded according to the estimated mass of
mismanaged plastic waste [millions of metric tons (MT)] generated in 2010
by populations living within 50 km of the coast from 192 countries.
(Jambeck, Geyer,Wilcox,Siegler, Perryman, Andrady, Narayan,Law, 2015)
Issues: micro-plastics
S
production
reduction restrictions
quota
o
Adaptation of Recovery &
Behavioral Clean-up
production reintroduction
changes programmes
processes programmes
l
Drivers Pressures State Impacts
u Human
needs
Human
activities
Ecosystem /
environment
Ecosystem
services
t ? ? ?
i
Responses
o Human
interventions
n Society Environment
s Resources
(e.g., money)
Adequate
Governance
Structures
Knowledge
Awareness &
education
• No one solution, fits all
• Cultural context
• Transdisciplinary approach:
• stakeholders
• multiple disciplines
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Circular Economy
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Circular economy
The concept of a circular economy – currently widely promoted in Asia – has its
conceptual roots in industrial ecology, which envisions a form of material
symbiosis between otherwise very different companies and production
processes. Industrial ecology emphasizes the benefits of recycling residual
waste materials and by-products through, for example, the development of
complex interlinkages, such as those in the renowned industrial symbiosis
projects (see Jacobsen 2006).However, in more general terms, it promotes
resource minimization and the adoption of cleaner technologies(Andersen1997,
1999)
an alternative to a traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose) in which we
keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from
them whilst in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the
end of each service life
a regenerative system in which resource input and waste, emission, and energy
leakage are minimized by slowing, closing, and narrowing material and energy
loops. This can be achieved through long-lasting design, maintenance, repair,
reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling
Circular Economy
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Circular Economy
The circular economy
allows to cut:
resource extraction
and production;
raw material
import;
waste disposal.
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Ide yang sama di Jepang menggunakan istilah
“Material Cycle Society”
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The Flow of the Circulative Resources in Japan (MoE, 2007)
Klasifikasi Limbah di Jepang
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SWM towards Material Cycle Society di Jepang
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In order to reach the goal, there can
be only 3 products:
hygienisation,
volume reduction,
environmental protection,
mineralization and immobilization of hazardous
substances,
resource conservation,
affordable costs and public acceptance
WHAT ABOUT SWM IN INDONESIA??
Typical SWM Problems in Indonesia
Inadequate service coverage and operational
inefficiencies of services , Limited capacity of waste
collection and transportation.
Environmental pollution due to “ open dumping
“practices
Limited budget, mostly due to priority of budgeting
Weak policy and regulatory framework
Lack of public awareness and participation
Lack of institutional capacity
Current waste management system in Indonesia
Principles of SWM (UU 8/2008)
Responsibility (tanggungjawab)
Sustainability (keberlanjutan)- less harm to the
environment
Benefit (manfaat)- waste as resource
Fairness (keadilan)
Conciuosness (kesadaran)-awarness of oneself
Inclusivity (kebersamaan)
Safety (keamanan)
Economic value
5 ASPECTS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Legal/law aspect
Institutional aspect
Financial aspect
Technical/ operational aspect
Public Participation aspect
References
Brunner, P.H., Rechberger, H., 2015. Waste to energy- key element for
sustainable waste system, Waste Management 37, 3-12
Davis, M.L., Cornwell, D.A., Introduction to Environmental Engineering,
MCGraw Hill, 2013
Enri Damanhuri, Diktat Kuliah 2010, Bagian 1 (Chapter1)
Jambeck, Geyer,Wilcox,Siegler, Perryman, Andrady, Narayan,Law, 2015
Mani, T., Hauk, A., Walter, U., Holm, P.B., 2015. Microplastics profile along the
Rhine River, Scientific Report
Oliveira, A.L., Turra, A., 2015. Solid waste Management in Coastal Cities:
where are the gaps?Case study of the North Coast Sao Paulo, Brazil, Journal
ofIntegrated Coastal Zone Mangement 15(4) 453-465
Tchobanoglous G., Theisen, H., Vigil, S.A., Integrated Solid Waste
Management: Engineering Principles and management Issues, McGraw
Hill,1993
UU 18/2008 : Waste Management
Worrel, W.A., Vesilind, P.A., Solid Waste Engineering, Cengate Learning, 2012