LS06A-Industrial Robotics Intro

Industrial Robotics
Contents
• What is an industrial • The robot joints
• Robot classification
robot?
·
• The basic components of a • Physical classification
robot • Control classification
• Power sources for robots • Robot reach
• Hydraulic drive • Robot motion analysis
• Electric drive and control
• Pneumatic drive • Robot Programming and
Languages
• Robot sensors • Robot Selection
• The hand of a robot (end- • Robot applications
effector) • Robot Economic
• Robot Movement and
Precision
What is an industrial robot?
The word "robot" is derived from a satirical fantasy play,
"Rossum's Universal Robots," written by Karel Capek in
1921. In his play, Capek used the word to mean, "forced
labor." The Robotics Industries Association (RIA), formerly
known as the Robotics Institute of America, defines robot in
the following way:
An industrial robot is a programmable multi-

functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts,
tools, or special devices through variable programmed
motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
An industrial robot consists of
a number of rigid links

connected by different joints
Controlled/monitored by a computer.
Link assembly is referred to as a

robot arm.
Physical construction of a robot
resembles a human arm.
A wrist is attached to the arm.
For gripping, a hand is attached at
the end of the wrist.
This hand is called an end-effector.

The widespread use of CNC in manufacturing is ideal for the use of industrial robots to
perform repetitive tasks. Such tasks may involve handling heavy and sometimes hazardous
materials. Sophisticated CNC machining centers can contain palette changers and special
interfaces that can easily accommodate industrial robots.
Specialized robots can assist in both assembly and
inspection processes.
Material handling robots are used in many industries. It may be
surprising to find such robots used even in the fast food industry.
This material handling robot is used in preparing
palettes for shipping. Repetitive tasks are ideal
to be performed by such machines.
Shown is a Fanuc M-16i Robotic Arm used in a precision grinding
process on automotive parts.
Shown is a Fanuc
Robot arm lifting
three heavy boxes at
ounce. In using
robotics, human
safety factors in such
a task are completely
eliminated. This also
greatly reduces the
risks of repetitive
stress injuries to
factory workers.
Handling of dangerous materials is an important task for Robots to
perform. The size and weight of some automotive parts may be too
cumbersome and hazardous for humans to manipulate in certain
processes.
Shown is a robotic arm used in conjunction with a small punch press.
Together these two machines could comprise a small manufacturing
cell. The use of Robotics in such a setup can greatly reduce the
chance of human error and injury.
It is now commonplace to find automotive manufacturers using robotics
in many phases of the automotive assembly line. Here an automotive
spray booth utilizes a Fanuc Robot arm is used to precisely deposit
paint on this car body. The use of robotics can improve the quality of
certain manufactured goods.
Here a Fanuc S-420W material handling robot is used in the
electronic appliances industry. You will note several others in the
background used in other steps of the manufacturing process.
Another Fanuc A-510 robot arm used in the food industry. Improved
productivity is an important factor in using robotic equipment is
repetitive production line operations. It can greatly reduce the
human factors which can lead to errors and risk of injury.
Shown are two Fanuch Robot arms employed to perform precision
welding tasks. This type of process would be extremely difficult to
achieve by humans.
THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A ROBOT
The basic components of a robot include the manipulator, the
controller, and the power supply sources.
Power Sources for Robots

An important element of a robot is the drive system.
The three types of drive systems are generally used for industrial robots:
1.Hydraulic drive
2.Electric drive
3.Pneumatic drive
Hydraulic Drive
• gives a robot great speed and strength.

• used to actuate linear or rotational joints.
• adopted for large industrial robots.
• preferred in environments in which the use of electric-drive
robots may cause fire hazards, for example, in spray painting.
• main disadvantage:
occupies floor space in addition to that required by the robot.
problems of leaks, making the floor messy.
Electric Drive
• provides a robot with less speed and strength.
• adopted for smaller robots.
• provides more accuracy and exhibit better repeatability
• Cleaner to use.
Pneumatic Drive
• generally used for smaller robots.
• carry out simple pick-and-place material-handling operations.
• less expensive than electric or hydraulic robots.
• Allows simple modular construction, using standard commercially
available components
Robotic Sensors
Sensors provide feedback to the control systems and give the robots more
flexibility.
1. Position sensors. They are used to monitor the position of joints.

2. Range sensors. Range sensors measure distances from a reference point to other
points of importance.
3. Velocity sensors. Velocity sensors are used to estimate the speed with which a
manipulator is moved
4. Proximity sensors. Proximity sensors are used to sense and indicate the presence
of an object within a specified distance or space without any physical contact

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Industrial Robotics

An industrial robot is a programmable multi-

a number of rigid links

Link assembly is referred to as a

This hand is called an end-effector.

Power Sources for Robots

• gives a robot great speed and strength.

1. Position sensors. They are used to monitor the position of joints.

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