COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORK PORTFOLIO

STUDENT NAME:-Sarvaiya Divyesh Himmatbhai

STUDENT ID -S1028481
Introduction
• The purpose of a computer network is to share resources
between different devices.

• In the case of computer network technology, there are several

types of networks that vary from simple to complex level. The
modern world scenario is always changing. Data communication
and networks have changed the way business and other daily
affairs work. Now, they are highly dependent on computer
networks and internetwork.

• A computer network is a group of computers connected to each

other via wires, optical fibers or optical links so that different
devices can interact with each other through a network.

• A set of devices often referred to as nodes connected by a media

link is called a network.
• A node can be a device that is capable of sending or receiving
data generated by other nodes on the network such as
computers, printers, etc. These links connecting the devices are
called communication channels
 Describe how’s the computer system works in the simple way

• A computer is a machine made up of hardware and software components. A computer

receives data based on instructions given through an input unit and after processing the data,
sends it back through an output device. How does it come together to make a computer work?

• Computer input devices can depend on the type of computer, but usually we will be able to
install a mouse, keyboard, scanner or even application (software) on the computer. Once the
data is received, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) handles and processes the given
information, with the help of other components. Once the data is generated, it will be sent back
through an output device which can be a monitor, speaker, printer, port etc.

•
 CPU types, Architecture and vendors
• CPU is the central memory of the computer or any device which allows all the tasks like gaming,
editing, internet surfing, messaging etc. to be done efficiently. The processor is placed in the
center of the motherboard around the VRM section.

• In technical terms, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) being the brain of a computer device is a
vital component that handles all instructions and arithmetic or logical calculations.

• There are 6 types of Central Processing Unit Single Core CPU, Dual Core CPU, Quad Core
CPU, Hexa Core CPU, Octa Core CPU and Deca Core CPU. These are the 6 types of central
processing units which are being used in various devices like desktops, laptops and mobile
phones.

• Architectures

• In today's world, the two basic processor architectures that are utilised are known as 32-bit (x86)
and 64-bit (x86-64, IA64, and AMD64). The datapath width, integer size, and memory address
width that are available to the processor in each of these architectures are uniquely different
from one another.

• Vendors

• The central processing unit of the computer, often known as the CPU, is responsible for
controlling the activities and the flow of data in the computer. Intel® and AMD® are the two most
prominent brands in the world of computer processor manufacturing. There are three lines of
processors that are shared by both of these manufacturers' product lines
 Storage, Memory, Input and output devices

• Computers rely heavily on their input and output devices. They are a component of the physical components of a computer. They make it possible
for the system to run smoothly even without any outside intervention. Despite their differences, they both deal with data.

• Input

• Data is gathered from the "real world" (i.e., from sources outside the computer) and sent to the CPU for analysis. There are numerous methods for
gathering information and entering it into a computer system. Examples of such devices are a computer's keyboard, mouse, graphical tablet, touch
screen, bar code reader, magnetic stripe reader, and so on. Therefore, 'input devices' are used to bring data from the real world into the computer.

• output

• In order to be of any use to people, a computer system must be able to show or print data. Therefore, some kind of "output device" is required. The
video display unit is an exceptionally helpful output device (or Visual Display Unit). The ability to create 'hardcopy,' or a printed version of something,
is another useful feature. A sound output may also be required. In these cases, speakers or headphones would be quite helpful.

• storing
• Naturally, the computer would rather not show or print the results of some processing right away. Results could be saved for a second time if
necessary.
 The Operating systems

• An operating system (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware.
An operating system is software that performs all basic functions such as file management,
memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

• An operating system is software that enables applications to interact with a computer's

hardware. The software that contains the main components of the operating system is called
the kernel.

• The primary purpose of an operating system is to enable applications (spftwares) to interact

with the computer's hardware and manage the system's hardware and software resources.
 Computer Network Fundamental, Protocol and
technology

• A computer network is defined as a set of two or more computers that are connected together? Communicating,
exchanging data, files and resources through either a wired cable or a wireless network i.e. WiFi. for the purpose of
providing, sharing or distributing."

• basics of computer networking

• Computer networks are built using a collection of hardware (such as routers, switches, hubs, etc.) and networking
software (such as operating systems, firewalls, or corporate applications).

• Computer networks are used globally by businesses, the entertainment industry, education in the research sector
for communications and to move their data from source to destination node.

• All other technologies, including the Internet, Google Search, instant messaging apps, online video streaming,
social media, email, cloud kitchens, cloud data storage, etc., exist because of computer networks.
 The internet Architecture, infrastructures and services

• The Internet is a meta-network consisting of thousands of individual networks that communicate with one
another using a standard protocol. In layman's terms, it's an internetwork that operates by predetermined
protocols. Specifically, TCP/IP is the protocol in use.

• Internet

• The Internet is a meta-network consisting of thousands of individual networks that communicate with one
another using a standard protocol. In layman's terms, it's an internetwork that operates by predetermined
protocols. TCP/IP is the underlying protocol. With this protocol, you can link together two networks that use
completely different hardware, operating systems, and architectural concepts.

• Internet service providers connect your personal or business computers, laptops, mobile devices, etc. to
the Internet. ISPs can be commercial, non-profit, privately owned or community owned companies.
 IPv4 addressing and subnetting

• Quick Definition: Subnetting is the process of taking a network and dividing it into smaller networks,
known as subnets. This is used to free up more public IPv4 addresses and segment networks for
security and easier management.

• A Quick Detail of IP Addresses and Binaries

• To understand subnetting, you must first understand the decimal and binary structure of an IP address.

• Let's start with the basics. Here's what an IP address looks like: 192.168.1.20

• An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number. To make addresses more simple, they are divided into four 8-bit
numbers - or octets - separated by a decimal point. The number of these octaves ranges from zero to
255.
 Routing Protocol and Network access
Ethernet

• Network routing is the process of selecting paths across one

or more networks. The principles of routing can apply to any
type of network, from telephone networks to public
transport. Routing is done in many types of networks,
including circuit-switched networks, such as the public
switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer
networks, such as the Internet. Routing can also take place
within proprietary networks.
• Ethernet describes how network devices format and
transmit data so that other devices on the same LAN or
campus network segment can identify, receive, and process
the information. An Ethernet cable is the physical, attached
wiring over which data passes.
Internet Access Technology
• Internet access is the process of connecting to the Internet
by users or enterprises using personal computers, laptops
or mobile devices. Internet access is subject to data
signaling rates and users can be connected at different
Internet speeds. Internet access enables individuals or
organizations to take advantage of Internet services/web-
based services.

• Internet access is often provided at home, schools,

workplaces, public places, Internet cafes, libraries and other
places. The Internet began to gain popularity with dial-up
Internet access. In a relatively short period of time, Internet
access technologies have changed, providing faster and
more reliable alternatives. Currently, broadband
technologies such as cable Internet and ADSL are the most
widely used methods for Internet access. Internet access
speed, cost, reliability and availability depend on the region,
the Internet service provider, and the type of connection.