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    Bcgopvipvcatchup2 180323153841

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    Abdulmejid Abdureuf
    Bcgggg

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    Bcgopvipvcatchup2 180323153841

    Uploaded by

    Abdulmejid Abdureuf
    9 views38 pages
    Bcgggg

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    bcgopvipvcatchup2-180323153841

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    Bcgggg

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views38 pages

    Bcgopvipvcatchup2 180323153841

    Uploaded by

    Abdulmejid Abdureuf
    Bcgggg

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 38

    BCG, OPV, IPV &

    CATCH-UP VACCINATION

    PRAVEEN RK
    NO: 75
    BCG VACCINE
    BCG

    • Bacillus Calmette Guerin


    • Live attenuated vaccine against Tuberculosis
    • Protects against TB Meningitis, Miliary TB
    • Common strains used- Copenhagen(Danish1331), Pasteur , Glaxo
    • Danish 1331- Produced at Guindy, Tamil Nadu, India
    • Available as lyophilised (freeze dried) powder
    • Reconstituted with sterile normal saline
    • Induces Cell mediated immunity
    • Primary infection is not prevented
    • Protects against severe form of TB – miliary TB, TB meningitis
    • Protective efficacy – 80%
    • Duration of protection – 15 to 20 years
    • Maternal antibodies do not interfere as CMI do not transfer transplacentally
    • Administration at birth provides – early protection
    ensures compliance
    convenient to implement
    • Dose – 0.05ml (neonates) , 0.1ml (infants and children)
    • Route of administration – intradermal (26G needle)
    • Site – left upper arm at insertion of deltoid
    PHENOMENA AFTER VACCINATION

    Papule at site of injection (2-3 weeks)

    Increases size with diameter of 4-8mm (5-6 weeks)

    Breaks into shallow ulcer with crust

    Healing occurs (6-12 weeks)

    Permanent tiny round scar 4-8mm diameter


    SCHEDULE

    • National Immunization Program


    • At birth
    • Catch up till 1 yr

    • IAP 2016
    • At birth
    • Catch up till 5 yr
    ADVERSE REACTIONS

    • Persistent ulceration at injection site


    • Discharging sinus
    • Ipsilateral axillary or cervical lymphadenopathy
    • Disseminated infection
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Scrofuloderma (immunodeficient persons)
    CONTRAINDICATION

    • Immunodeficiency (HIV, leukemia, lymphoma)


    • Generalized eczema
    • Infective dermatosis
    • Hypogammaglobinemia
    STORAGE

    • 2-8oC
    • Sensitive to heat and light
    • Discard unused vaccine after 4h
    ORAL POLIO VACCINE
    OPV

    • Live attenuated polioviruses (types 1, 2, 3)


    • Developed by Sabin
    • Each dose (2drops) contain 105 to 106 median cell culture doses of each serotypes
    • Stabilizing agent – Magnesium chloride
    • Multiple doses are needed to ensure take
    • Vaccine of choice for eradication of poliovirus where wild poliovirus is still circulating
    • Given as bivalent OPV (serotypes 1&3)
    • Included in
    • Pulse Polio Immunization
    • Supplementary immunization activities
    • National Polio Surveillance Project
    • National Immunization program
    DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY

    Administration of vaccine

    Infect intestinal mucosa

    Multiplication in mucosal cells (take)

    Provides local as well as systemic


    immunity
    • Dose – 2 drops
    • Route of administration – Oral
    • Method of administration –
    Tilt the child’s back and gently squeeze the cheeks or pinch the nose to make
    the mouth open. Let the drops fall from the dropper onto the child’s tongue.
    Repeat the process if child spits out the vaccine
    SCHEDULE

    • National Immunization Program


    • OPV0 at birth or within 15 days
    • OPV1 at 6th week
    • OPV2 at 10th week
    • OPV3 at 14th week
    • OPVb at 15-18 months and 5yr
    • IAP 2016
    • OPV at birth, 6mo, 9mo and 5yr (In case of sequential IPV- OPV Schedule)
    • Same as in National Program (IPV not available)
    ADVANTAGES

    • Easy to administer
    • Induces both humoral and intestinal immunity
    • Antibody is quickly produced
    • Vaccinee excretes the virus and infects others who are also immunized thereby
    • Useful in controlling epidemics
    • Relatively inexpensive
    ADVERSE REACTIONS

    • Vaccine associated paralytic polio( type 3 mutation)


    • Vaccine derived poliovirus (type 2)
    CONTRAINDICATIONS

    • Immunocompromised individuals (symptomatic HIV, leukemia, malignancy, those under


    corticosteroids)
    • Active viral infections

    • Breast feeding and mild diarrhoea are not contraindications


    STORAGE

    • Stable at 4-80C for 3-4 months


    • -20oC for a year
    • Potency drops rapidly with temperature fluctuations
    • Potency monitored using Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)
    • Vaccine discarded if color of inner square in vvm is as dark as or darker than color of outer
    circle
    INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE
    IPV

    • Developed by Salk
    • Suspension of formaldehyde killed poliovirus grown in monkey kidney, human diploid or
    vero cell culture
    • Induces humoral immune response and gives protection from paralysis
    • Does not induce local immunity
    • Vaccine potency measured by ‘D’ antigen
    • Currently used Enhanced potency IPV (eIPV) contain 40D, 8D, 32D units of types 1, 2, 3
    polioviruses.
    • Highly immunogenic
    • Seroconversion – 90-95% in infants beyond 8 weeks age administered of two doses of
    IPV 2months apart
    99% of those given 3 doses 4 weeks apart
    • Dose – 0.5ml
    • Route of administration – intramuscular or subcutaneous
    SCHEDULE

    • National Immunization Program


    • At 14 weeks

    • IAP 2016
    • Sequential IPV-OPV schedule
    • 3 doses IPV at 6, 10 and 14 weeks , or
    • 2 doses IPV at 8 and 16 weeks (primary) and 1 dose IPV at 15-18 months (booster)
    • Also give OPV at 6mo, 9mo, and 5yr and on NIDs and SIAs

    • Catchup upto 5yr; 3 doses at 0, 2 and 6months


    ADVANTAGES

    • Efficacy of IPV in preventing poliomyelitis is excellent


    • Does not cause Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis
    • Vaccine of choice in patients with immunodeficiency
    • Can be administered to pregnant women
    DISADVANTAGE

    • Immunity not rapidly achieved


    • Injections during epidemic can precipitate paralysis
    • Does not produce local immunity , virus can multiply in gut and can be a source of
    infection to others
    ADVERSE REACTIONS

    • No serious adverse reactions


    • Minor local erythema, induration, swelling and tenderness
    CONTRAINDICATIONS

    • Any known allergy


    STORAGE

    • 2-8oC
    • Sensitive to light
    CATCH UP VACCINATION
    CATCH UP VACCINATION

    • Not infrequently, children who present for immunization have missed out on previously
    scheduled vaccines
    • To ensure that these ‘overdue’ children can be protected as quickly as possible, ‘catch-up’
    vaccination schedules are available
    • Every opportunity should be taken to check vaccination status and to provide missing
    doses.
    • When infants and children have missed scheduled vaccine doses, a catch-up schedule
    should be commenced
    • Missed immunization does not require restarting of the entire series or addition of doses
    to the series for any vaccine in the recommended schedule
    • Two or more inactivated vaccines can be given simultaneously or at any interval between
    doses without affecting the immune response
    • An inactive vaccine can similarly be given simultaneously or at any interval with a live
    vaccine
    • 2 live (intranasal/injectable) vaccines should either be given simultaneously or at least 4 weeks
    apart
    • If a dose of DTP, IPV, Hib, pneumococcal conjugate, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HPV, MMR, or
    varicella vaccine is missed, subsequent immunization should be given at the next visit as if the
    usual interval had elapsed
    • For rotavaccine same principle can be followed, though upper age limit of last dose
    should be maintained
    • Minimal interval recommendation should be followed for administration of all doses.
    THANK YOU

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