Session 1 The Law

FUNDAMENTALS OF LAW
Justice can not be for one side alone. It must be

for both
Công lý không chỉ dành cho một phía. Nó phải dành cho cả hai phía
It is a besetting vice of democracies to substitute

public opinion for law
Một thói xấu ám ảnh của các nền dân chủ là lấy dư luận thay cho luật
pháp
2
Overview of course
LEARNING OUTCOMES TEXTBOOKS AND OTHER INFORMATIONS
1. Explain the nature of MATERIALS Class requirements
legal system - Japp Hage & Bram - Read materials before
2. lllustrate the potential Akkermans, Introduction to class, self study
impact of the law on a Law
- Active participation in
business - Adams & others, LAW class
3. Examine the formation of FOR BUSINESS
STUDENTS Examination
different types of
business organizations - Internet resources - 1 final take-home exam,
individual works
4. Recommend appropriate - Other materials in English
solution to resolve areas and Vietnamese Class duration
of disputes - 15 weeks
3
What is the law
- Set of rules (rules of conduct)

- Created (made or recognized) by the state
- Binding within jurisdiction of the state
- Enforce with the authority of the state through the
use of sanction
4
Other concepts of law
LEGAL
LEGAL NATURAL LAW
REALISM
POSITIVISM
An unjust law is
Enforcement of
Law is what the no law at all and
the law is more
sovereign says it need not to be
important than
is. obeyed.
the law itself.
5
Classification of law
Public Law Criminal Law Common Law

v. v. v.
Private Law Civil Law Civil Law
6
Classification of law
7
Classification of English Law
ENGLISH LAW
Private Law Public Law
Company Constitutional
Criminal
Family and
Tort Probate Property and Contract Administrative
Law
Law Partnership Laws
Notice: besides the comparison Civil Law v. Criminal Law as legal sectors (this lecture),
there is also comparison Civil Law v. Common Law as legal systems (next lecture)
Why do we need law?
Why do we need law?
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
ADMINISTRATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE, CIVIL
To provide a REVENUE LAW AND CRIMINAL LAW
governmental structure
To provide public services To regulate and promote
and legislative
and to raise taxes to pay the economy
procedure
for them
CIVIL LAW CIVIL, COMPANY,

CRIMINAL LAW To give individuals FAMILY LAW
To promote public order personal rights and To give legal validity to
and preserve national duties in relation to approved relationship
security others and to enable and transactions btw
enforcement members of society
Criminal Law v. Civil Law
CRIMINAL LAW (Example of case name: R v. Someone) CIVIL LAW (Some v. Someone else)
Define offences against the states Give legal rights to individuals to govern their formal
Xác định hành vi phạm tội chống lại các tiểu bang relationship with each other
Trao quyền hợp pháp cho các cá nhân để quản lí mối quan
Purpose
hệ chính thức của họ với nhau

To preserve order in the community by punishing offenders To remedy the wrong which has been suffered
and deterring others Để khắc phục sai lầm đã phải chịu đựng
Để giữ gìn trật tự trong cộng đồng bang cách trừng phạt
những kẻ phạm tội và ngăn cản những người khác
A prosecutor prosecutes a defendant A claimant sues a defendant
1 công tố viên truy tố 1 bị cáo Một nguyên đơn kiện 1 bị cáo
Procedure Thủ tục
Victim usually plays no part in prosecution Case may be settled not by litigation
Nạn nhân thường không tham gia vào việc truy tố Vụ án có thể được giải quyết không phải bằng kiện tụng
Cases heard by Magistrate or Crown court Cases heard by County or High Courts
Các th được xét xử bởi thẩm phán hoặc toà án hoàng gia Xét xử bởi quận hoặc toà án tối cao
Burden of proof: The prosecutor must prove his case beyond Burden of proof: balance of probabilities
a reasonable doubt Công bằng
Công tố viên phải chứng minh th của mình vượt quá sự nghi
ngờ hợp lí
Focus is on the accused and the need to protect society Focus is on the need of injured party -> forms of “penalty”
Tập trung vào bị cáo và nhu cầu bảo vệ xã hội are damages (monetary compensation); injunction (orders
from court requiring one to do or not to do a specific action)
Trọng tâm là nhu cầu của bên bị thương -> các hình thức
ions
phạt là thiệt hại (bồi thường bang tiền), lệnh cấm

Example of Burden of Proof
Mike was charged with arson after his warehouse burned
down.
Evidences:
1. Mike had removed valuables before the fire;
2. had recently increased his insurance coverage,
3. and was having financial problems with his business.
4. However, there were no eyewitnesses to him starting the
fire and Mike had an alibi.
Þ In criminal trial: The fire could have started accidentally,
there is no concrete evidence that Mike started the fire.
Therefore, the jury had to decide that there is reasonable
doubt and acquitted Mike.
Þ In civil trial: It was more likely than not that Mike
committed arson to collect insurance money. These
evidences tipped the scales, despite the lack of definitive
proof.
Magistrates courts
Tribunals
County courts
Hội đồng xét xử, sơ thẩm
Courts in England
13
14
Courts in Vietnam
Reasons to change the law
Economic and
Social Political Technical
Change Change Change
15
4
Là vị trí của Việt Nam
trên Bảng xếp hạng các “cường quốc xả thải ra biển”
0,73 triệu tấn

Là tổng lượng rác tối đa mà Việt Nam xả thải ra biển hàng năm
6%
Là đóng góp của Việt Nam
vào tổng lượng rác thải ra biển của thế giới
16
Xin cảm ơn!
Mời đặt câu hỏi, nêu ý kiến
thảo luận, tranh luận!
17

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FUNDAMENTALS OF LAW

Justice can not be for one side alone. It must be

It is a besetting vice of democracies to substitute

- Set of rules (rules of conduct)

Public Law Criminal Law Common Law

Private Law Public Law

CIVIL LAW CIVIL, COMPANY,

hệ chính thức của họ với nhau

phạt là thiệt hại (bồi thường bang tiền), lệnh cấm

0,73 triệu tấn

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