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IT DEPARTMENT
YEAR 1
MOCULE NAME: SMALL NETWORK ADMINISTRATION
MODULE CODE: ITLSN601
DATE: 10/10/2023
ACTIVITY: GROUPWORK AND PRESENTATION
TASKS

• Discuss TCP/UDP protocals , services and ports

 Compare UDP and TCP protocal

 Identify common application protocal using TCP
 Identify common application protocal using UDP
 Compare UDP and TCP protocal
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) both are
protocols of the Transport Layer.
• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol where as UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite,
referred to as the UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol
suite. It lies between the Application and Network Layers which are used in providing reliable
delivery services. It is a connection-oriented protocol for communications that helps in the
exchange of messages between different devices over a network. The Internet Protocol (IP),
which establishes the technique for sending data packets between computers, works with TCP.
Features of TCP
• TCP keeps track of the segments being transmitted or received by assigning numbers
to every single one of them.
• Flow control limits the rate at which a sender transfers data. This is done to ensure
reliable delivery.
• TCP implements an error control mechanism for reliable data transfer.
• TCP takes into account the level of congestion in the network.

Advantages of TCP
• It is reliable for maintaining a connection between Sender and Receiver.
• It is responsible for sending data in a particular sequence.
• Its operations are not dependent on OS.
• It allows and supports many routing protocols.
• It can reduce the speed of data based on the speed of the receiver.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a Transport Layer protocol. UDP is a part of the Internet
Protocol suite, referred to as the UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless
protocol. So, there is no need to establish a connection before data transfer. The UDP helps to
establish low-latency and loss-tolerating connections establish over the network. The UDP
enables process-to-process communication.
Features of UDP

Used for simple request-response communication when the size of data is less and hence there is
lesser concern about flow and error control.
It is a suitable protocol for multicasting as UDP supports packet switching.
UDP is used for some routing update protocols like RIP(Routing Information Protocol).
Normally used for real-time applications which can not tolerate uneven delays between sections of a
received message.
Disadvantages of TCP

• It is slower than UDP and it takes more bandwidth.

• Slower upon starting of transfer of a file.
• Not suitable for LAN and PAN Networks.
• It does not have a multicast or broadcast category.
• It does not load the whole page if a single data of the page is missing.
Compare TCP and UDP protocal
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. • UDP is the Datagram-oriented protocol.
Connection This is because
• orientation means that the
communicating devices should establish • there is no overhead for opening a
a connection before transmitting data connection, maintaining a connection, or
and should close the connection after terminating a connection. UDP is efficient
transmitting the data for broadcast and multicast types of
network transmission.
• TCP is comparatively slower than UDP.
• UDP is faster, simpler, and more efficient
• TCP is heavy-weight. than TCP
• TCP doesn’t support Broadcasting. • UDP is lightweight.
• TCP is used by HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, • UDP supports Broadcasting.
SMTP and Telnet. • UDP is used by DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP,
RIP, and VoIP.
User Datagram Protocol Transmission Control Protocol
Which Protocol is Better: TCP or UDP?

• The answer to this question is difficult because it totally depends on what work we are doing and
what type of data is being delivered. UDP is better in the case of online gaming as it allows us to
work lag-free. TCP is better if we are transferring data like photos, videos, etc. because it ensures
that data must be correct has to be sent.

• In general, both TCP and UDP are useful in the context of the work assigned by us. Both have
advantages upon the works we are performing, that’s why it is difficult to say, which one is better.
Advantages of UDP
• It does not require any connection for sending or receiving data.
• Broadcast and Multicast are available in UDP.
• UDP can operate on a large range of networks.
• UDP has live and real-time data.
• UDP can deliver data if all the components of the data are not complete.

Disadvantages of UDP

• We can not have any way to acknowledge the successful transfer of data.
• UDP cannot have the mechanism to track the sequence of data.
• UDP is connectionless, and due to this, it is unreliable to transfer data.
• In case of a Collision, UDP packets are dropped by Routers in comparison to TCP.
• UDP can drop packets in case of detection of errors.
This also show the difference between TCP and UDP
Where TCP is Used?

• Sending Emails
• Transferring Files
• Web Browsing

Where UDP is Used?

• Gaming
• Video Streaming
• Online Video Chats
Identify common application protocal using TCP
• Text Communication : We all are aware of the importance of Text Communication in the present times.
Any discrepancy in texting between sender and receiver cannot be tolerated. Hence TCP is used in Text
Communication due to its reliable transmission, error control, and in order receiving of the data.
Example : Whatsapp, Instagram, Google Chat,iMessage.
• Transfer of files or FTP : TCP is used in File transfer when we cannot tolerate the loss of data and
receiving the data incorrect order is of utmost importance. FTP uses two TCP connections i.e control
connection and data connection.
• Control Connection : FTP sends information like user identification and passwords.
• Data Connection: In this connection, files are sent over the network.
Ex : FileZilla Client and Server
• HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) : It is used to access the data present on the World Wide Web. It
uses TCP protocol for accessing the web pages present on the internet due to the fact that TCP provides
inorder data, error control and flow control, and retransmission of data segments.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP): It is an application layer protocol that is used to send Emails from
one system to another. SMTP uses the services of TCP to start a connection with the SMTP server. Once the
SMTP server accepts the connection request, it allows the sender to send the mails.
Ex: Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook, etc
Identify common application protocal using TCP
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is the protocol used to transfer web pages and
other resources over the internet.
• HTTPS (Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that uses
encryption to protect data from being intercepted or eavesdropped on.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): SMTP is the protocol used to send and receive email
messages.
• POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): POP3 is the protocol used to retrieve email messages
from a mail server.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is the protocol used to transfer files between computers.
• Telnet is a protocol that allows users to access a remote computer and interact with it as if they
were sitting at the computer's console.
• SSH (Secure Shell) is a secure version of Telnet that uses encryption to protect data from being
intercepted or eavesdropped on.
• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): IMAP is a protocol that allows users to access and
manage their email messages on a remote server.
• LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol): LDAP is a protocol that allows users to
access and manage directory information, such as user accounts and contact information.
Identify common application protocal using UDP
• DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is the protocol that translates domain names, such as google.com, into IP
addresses.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP is the protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to
devices on a network.
• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): TFTP is a simple file transfer protocol that is often used to transfer
configuration files to network devices.
• NTP (Network Time Protocol): NTP is the protocol that keeps clocks synchronized on different computers and
devices.
• RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol): RTSP is the protocol that is used to control the delivery of streaming
media, such as video and audio.
• SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): SIP is the protocol that is used to establish and manage voice over IP (VoIP)
calls.
• RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol): RTP is the protocol that is used to transmit real-time media data, such as
audio and video, over a network.
• VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol): VRRP is a protocol that is used to create redundant routers to
improve network reliability.
• IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): IGMP is a protocol that is used to manage multicast groups on a
network.
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): SNMP is a protocol that is used to monitor and manage
network devices.
Identify common application protocal using UDP
• Online Games : Most of the online games we play use the services of User Datagram Protocol. Since any
amount of delay cannot be tolerated in online games UDP is widely used over TCP which is quite slower.
UDP doesn’t retransmit the lost data and is a connectionless protocol due to which it is much faster.
Ex : All online games
• Video Conferencing : Video Conferencing apps like Skype, Gmeet, Zoom, all use the services of UDP due
to the fact that they are real-time applications and any delay in receiving the data cannot be tolerated.
Ex: Skype, Google Meet, zoom, and Facetime.
• Voice Over IP(VoIP) : It is similar to Video Conferencing, where apps like Viber, Whatsapp, Google
Hangouts use UDP for converting our voice to digital data and transmit it over the network, hence the name
VoIP.
Ex : Viber, Whatsapp Voice calling, Wi-Fi calling.
• Domain Name System(DNS) : It is a service used for mapping domain names to their corresponding IP
address. It is used by the application layer. It can also be looked at as a distributed DataBase that has a
hierarchical name Server. DNS uses UDP for fetching the corresponding IP address due to the following
reasons:
a) UDP is much faster than TCP. After all, speed matters a lot when loading a webpage
b) DNS requests are typically small requests and can be accommodated inside UDP segments(Header).
c) Even though UDP is unreliable, it can be achieved in the application layer too