1

INTRODUCTION TO IOT
CSS-4371

Kupat Tahu Presentation

Course Objectives

• Understand the definition and significance of the Internet of Things

• Discuss the architecture, operation, and business benefits of an IoT solution
• Examine the potential business opportunities that IoT can uncover
• Understanding Data and Knowledge Management and use of Devices in IoT Technology.
• Real World IoT Design Constraints, Industrial Automation and Commercial Building Automation in IoT.
 Introduction to Internet of Things

Credit hrs. 3-0 Prerequisites:

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
At the end of the course the students will be able to: Domain BT Level*
1. Understand the vision of IoT from a global context. C, GA1 2
2. Determine the Market perspective of IoT. C, GA4 1
3. Differentiate the use of Devices, Gateways and Data Management in IoT. C, GA3 4
4. Demonstrate state of the art architecture in IoT.
5. Discuss applications of IoT in Industrial and Commercial Building Automation and Real World Design C, GA1 4
Constraints. C, GA6 2

BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive domain, P=Psychomotor domain, A=Affective domain

3
INTERNET OF THINGS

Course Content:
IoT ecosystem basic concepts and applications, IoT layered
Architecture, Communication Technologies for IoT(ZigBee,
Bluetooth, BLE, Z-wave, RF Link, NFC, 6LoWPAN,LoRaWan,
DASH7,WiFi, LTE, IEEE 802.11ah) ,IoT Robustness and
Reliability issues, IoT Fabricator/ Embedded systems, Device
/Cloud Collaboration for IoT, Edge/Fog Computing Paradigm,
Stream Processing in IoT, Security Management of an IoT
Ecosystem, IoT Data Analytics, IoT Use Cases
INTERNET OF THINGS
Reference Materials:
1. The Internet of Things: Enabling Technologies,
Platforms, and Use Cases", by Pethuru Raj and
Anupama C. Raman (CRC Press), 2017
2. Internet of Things: Principles and Paradigms, Rajkumar
Buyya,Amir Vahid Dastjerdi, ISBN: 978-0-12-805395-
9
3. Internet of Things: A Hands-on-Approach, by Arshdeep
Bahga, Universities Press (2015)
4. Fei Hu, Security and Privacy in Internet of Things
(IoTs): Models, Algorithms, and Implementations, 1st
Edition, ISBN-13:978-1498723183.
5. Brian Russell, Drew Van Duren, Practical Internet of
Things Security, 2016
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS
HAPTER-1
TRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS
Objectives:

• To understand the concept of internet of things

• To discuss the evolution of internet of things from human to human to
machine to machine
• To discuss 3Cs of IoT

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson the students will be able to understand:

• The basic concept of IoT

• The idea of machine to machine communication
• The concept of 3Cs in IoT
LECTURE CONTENTS
• What is IoT
• IoT underlying technologies.
• Driving Forces of IoT
• Internet of Things – Evolution
• IoT Emergence
• The Three Cs of IoT
 9
What is IoT
Network of Physical Objects

Internet of Things (IoT) comprises things that have unique identities and are connected to the
Internet

The IoT can be defined as “data and devices continually available through the Internet.”

The focus on IoT is in the configuration, control and networking via the Internet of devices or
“Things” that are traditionally not associated with the internet
Eg: pump, utility meter, car engine

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and
exchange data.
 10
What is IoT
Network of Physical Objects

The Scope of IoT is not limited to just connecting things (device, appliances, machines) to
the Internet

IoT allows these things to communicate and exchange data (control& information)

Processing on these data will provide us various applications towards a common user or
machine goal
Idea: Move from Internet of People  Internet of Things 11

Internet appears everywhere in the world  Internet of Things is a plan to connect things
 It is primarily connection between people also using the same medium
IoT underlying technologies.

RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech

To collect To enhance the To make the

To and process power of the smaller and
identify the data to network by smaller
and track detect the delegating things have
the data changes in processing the ability to
of things the physical capabilities to connect and
status of different part of interact.
things the network.

12
Driving Forces of IoT 13

1. Sensor Technology – Tiny, Cheap, Variety

2. Cheap Miniature Computers
3. Low Power Connectivity
4. Capable Mobile Devices
5. Power of the Cloud
1. Sensor Technology
2. Cheap Mini Computers
Key Parameters

Flash: 8 Kbytes
Pin Count: 8
Max. Operating Freq: 20 MHz
CPU: 8-bit AVR
Max I/O Pins: 6
Ext Interrupts: 6
SPI: 1 (Serial Peripheral Interface)
Lily Tiny I2C: 1 (Inter-Integrated Circuit)

http://www.atmel.com/devices/ATTINY8
5.aspx?tab=parameters
3. Low Power Connectivity

Bluetooth Smart (4.0)

(Up to 2 years with a single
Coin-cell battery)
4. Capable Mobile Devices

Quad Core 1.5 GHz

128 GB Internal Memory
3 GB RAM
16 MP Camera
2160p@30fps video
WiFI, GPS, BLE
5. Power of the Cloud
Internet of Things - Evolution
 20
IoT Emergence

Kevin Ashton is accredited for using the term “Internet of Things” for the first time
during a presentation in 1999 on supply-chain management. He believes the “things”
aspect of the way we interact and live within the physical world that surrounds us needs
serious reconsideration, due to advances in computing, Internet, and data-generation
rate by smart devices. At the time, he was an executive director at MIT’s Auto-ID
Center, where he contributed to the extension of RFID applications into broader
domains, which built the foundation for the current IoT vision
 21
The Three Cs of IoT

Communication
IoT communicates information to people and systems, such as state and health of
equipment (e.g. it’s on or off, charged, full or empty) and data from sensors that can
monitor a person’s vital signs.

For example, an IOT-enabled HVAC system can report if its air filter is clean and
functioning properly. Almost every company has a class of assets it could track. GPS-
enabled assets can communicate their current location and movement. Location is
important for items that move, such as trucks, but it’s also applicable for locating items
and people within an organization.
In the healthcare industry, IoT can help a hospital track the location of everything
from wheelchairs to cardiac defibrillators to surgeons.
In the transportation industry, a business can deliver real-time tracking and condition
of parcels and pallets.
 22

The Three Cs of IoT

Control and Automation

In a connected world, a business will have visibility into a device’s condition. In many
cases, a business or consumer will also be able to remotely control a device.
For example
• Business can remotely turn on or shut down a specific piece of equipment or
adjust the temperature in a climate-controlled environment.
• Consumer can use IoT to unlock their car or start the washing machine.
• If the brake pads on a truck are about to fail, it can prompt the company to take the
vehicle out of service and automatically schedule maintenance.
 23
The Three Cs of IoT

Cost Saving
Many companies will adopt IoT to save money. Measurement provides actual
performance data and equipment health, instead of just estimates. Businesses,
particularly industrial companies, lose money when equipment fails. With new sensor
information, IoT can help a company save money by minimizing equipment failure
and allowing the business to perform planned maintenance.

Sensors can also measure items, such as driving behavior and speed, to reduce fuel
expense and wear and tear on consumables. New smart meters in homes and
businesses can also provide data that helps people understand energy consumption and
opportunities for cost savings
 24
Difference between M2M and IoT

M2M: Historically, M2M refers to direct communication between devices without human intervention. It typically
involves a point-to-point connection for specific purposes, such as remote monitoring or control.
IoT: IoT, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses not only device-to-device communication but also
involves a network of interconnected devices that communicate over the internet. It often includes cloud computing, data
analytics, and a wide range of applications.

M2M: M2M systems often focus on simple data exchange between devices, with less emphasis on complex data
analytics.
IoT: IoT places a strong emphasis on collecting, analyzing, and deriving insights from large volumes of data generated
by interconnected devices. Big data analytics and machine learning play a significant role in IoT applications.

M2M: M2M applications are often deployed in specific verticals or industries, with a focus on solving particular
problems.
IoT: IoT is more expansive, involving a wide range of industries and applications, creating a larger and more
interconnected ecosystem. It has a broader scope, ranging from smart homes and cities to industrial automation and
healthcare.
 Continue.. 25

M2M: M2M communication typically involves devices interacting with each other without direct human intervention.
IoT: IoT applications often involve human interaction, as many IoT devices are designed to provide information or
services to end-users.
References
• Internet of Things: Principles and Paradigms, Rajkumar Buyya,Amir Vahid Dastjerdi, ISBN: 978-
0-12-805395-9

26