PATRIOTIC RESPONSES

AND THE DEVELOPMENT

OF NATIONALISM
A REPORT BY
FENELLOPY BALMES
ARGIE MARIZ GAYON
RODELIO ANTONIO MALLARI
“…ang mamatay
ng dahil sa ‘yo.”
SOMETHING TO PONDER ON…

• How do you express your love for

our country?
• What does it take for a Filipino to
fully express his love for the
country?
• What do you think might have
happened if we were not colonized
by any nation at all?
 PATRIOTISM VS. NATIONALISM
Patriotism Nationalism
• Definition: love of a nation with emphasis on • Definition: gives more importance to culture,
values and beliefs. language and heritage.
• It is based on affection. • It is rooted in rivalry and resentment.
• Enables people to understand both the • Tries to find justifications for mistakes made in
shortcomings and improvements made. the past.
• It is mostly benign and passive in nature and • Can be aggressive at times and believes in the
believes in the equality of a nation. supremacy of its nation.
• Patriots are believers in principle which the state • Nationalists are believers in the perfection of
may or may not reflect so they may support or state. Anyone questioning the state can make
oppose the state and still be called patriots. them anti-national.
• Patriots believe their country is one of the best • Nationalists assumes that their country is better
and can still be improved. than any nation.

A PATRIOT is proud of his/her country for what it does.

A NATIONALIST is proud of his/her country no matter what it does.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 16th Century
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1521 March 16 • Discovery of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan.
• Magellan sailed with three galleons – Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria.
• Initially named the Philippine Island “Isla San Lazaro”.
• Magellan was able to communicate with the natives thru Enrique de Mallaca, his personal slave.
1521 March 29 • Blood compact between Ferdinand Magellan, Rajah Kolambu and Rajah Siagu.
• The blood compact was a symbol of friendship.
1521 March 31 • Mass was first celebrated in the Philippines led by Fr. Pedro Valderama.
• Rajah Kolambu helped Magellan to reach the Island of Cebu.
1521 April 07 • Magellan reached the Island of Cebu and was met by Rajah Humabon.
• Another blood compact was made between Magellan and Rajah Humabon.
1521 April 14 • Second mass was celebrated in the Philippine Island (first mass in the Island of Cebu).
• 500 natives were baptized including Rajah Humabon (Don Carlos) and his wife - Hara Humamay
(Juana).
1521 April 27 • The Battle of Mactan.
• Magellan was defeated.
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1525 July 24 • Loaisa Expedition - Garcia Jofre de Loaisa and Juan Sebastian Elcano.
• It was meant to be a rescue mission to retrieve the Victoria galleon.
• Loaisa died of scurvy while Elcano also died a few days later.
1526 • Cabot Expedition (Juan Cabot).
1527 Oct. 31 • Saavedra Expedition – Alvaro de Saavedra Ceron.
• Saavedra died on the way home.
1536 • Andres de Urdaneta, Loaisa’s assistant during the 1525 expedition, returned to Spain.
1543 • Fifth expedition was launched – Ruy Lopez de Villalobos.
• Villalobos succeeded.
1543 Feb. 02 • Villalobos arrives in the Philippines
• Named the islands of Samar and Leyte as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of
Spain, Philip of Asturias;
• First to explore Mindanao island, naming it "Cesarea Caroli."
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1565 • The Augustinian Friars arrived in the Philippines.
1565 Feb. 13 • Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Cebu but failed to land.
• Legazpi was accompanied by Datu Sikatuna (Datu Catunao) of Bohol.
1565 Feb. 22 • Legazpi arrived in Samar and had a Blood Compact with Datu Urrao.
• Went to Limasawa and were received by Datu Buknaw
• Returned to Bohol and befriended Datu Sikatuna and Rajah Sigala
1565 Mar. 16 • Legazpi made a blood compact with Datu Sikatuna.
1565 Apr. 27 • Legazpi returned to Cebu.
• Rajah Tupas challenged the Spaniards but failed.
1565 May 8 • Legazpi successfully established the Spanish Settlement.
1565 June 4 • Legazpi, representing King Philip II of Spain and Rajah Tupas signed the First Treaty of the
Philippines – The Treaty of Cebu – establishing Spanish suzerainty over Cebu
• Philippines was governed as the Territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1565 - 1567 • The Dagami Revolt
• The revolt was led by Datu Dagami of Gabi (Palo, Leyte)
1565 May 23 • A group of Gabi natives ambushed Pedro de Arana an aide of Legazpi
1566 December • Two more Spaniards died of food poisoning.
• Legazpi summoned the local Datus and forced to identify the culprit.
• Dagami was captured.
1568 • The Portuguese Army led by Gen. Gonzalo de Pereira attacked Cebu and blockade its port.
• Seat of government was moved to present day Capiz Province.
1569 Aug. 06 • King Philip II of Spain, through a royal decree, creates Cebu as the country's first Spanish
province.
• He appointed Legazpi as Governor and Captain General of the said territory.
1570 • Gen. de Pereira again attacked Cebu but failed.
1570 May • Legazpi sent an expedition to Manila commandeered by Martin de Goiti.
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1571 January • Legazpi established the Municipality of Cebu and named it “Villa del Santisimo Nombre de
Jesus” (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus).
1571 May 19 • Rajah Sulayman declared war against the Spaniards
1571 June 24 • Legazpi established the Spanish Colonial Government of Manila and proclaimed it as the capital
of the colony.
1571 Dec. 11 • Provincehood of Pampanga, the first province of Luzon inaugurated by the Spaniards.
1572 Aug. 20 • Legazpi died and Guido de Lavezaris succeeds him as Governor-General (1572–1575)
1574 Nov. 07 • Enslavement of Filipinos is prohibited by a royal cedula from the Spanish king, as a response to a
protest against it a day earlier.
• Chinese pirate Limahong, with his men, invades Luzon; proceeds later to Manila.
1572 Nov. 23 • The Chinese pirate captain Limahong attacks Manila but fails
1574 December • Limahong again attacks Manila with 1500 soldiers but again fails to defeat the Spaniards
• Lakandula leads a short revolt against the Spanish.
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1575 • Ciudad de Nueva Caceres (Naga City) was established by Captain Pedro de Sanchez.
• Juan de Salcedo defeats Limahong and his men in Pangasinan, forcing them to flee into the
mountains.
1575 Aug. 25 • Francisco de Sande was appointed Governor-General (1575–1580) of Ciudad de Nueva Caceres.
1577 • Arrival of the Franciscans
1579 Feb. 06 • The Diocese of Manila was established.
1580 April • Establishment of Pangasinan as a provincial unit.
• Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza was appointed Governor-General (1580–1583) of the Philippines.
• King Philip II of Spain becomes King of Portugal, thus ending the Portuguese harassment of the
Philippines.
• The Spaniards instituted forced labor on all male natives aged 16 to 60 years old.
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1581 • Arrival of the first Bishop of the Philippines – Domingo de Salazar, OP.
• Arrival of the Jesuits.
• Arrival of the first Dominicans.
1582 • Battle of Spain and Japanese Ronin – also known as The Cagayan Battle – or was there?
• There was a claim that it was actually a battle between Spain military forces and Chinese
fishermen and pirates.
1583 March 10 • Diego Ronquillo was appointed Governor General of the Philippines (1583 to 84).
1583 August 01 • The Great Fire of Manila
1584 May 16 • Santiago de Vera was appointed Gov. Gen. of the Phlippines (1584 to 90).
1585 • The Pampango Revolt
1586 • Construction of the San Agustin Church in Intramuros started.
1587 Jul. 21 • Arrival of Miguel de Benavides with the second batch of Dominicans in the Philippines.
• The establishment of the Province of the Most Holy Rosary of the Philippines (Vicariate)
1587 • Conspiracy of the Maharlikas or The Tondo Conspiracy led by Agustin de Legaspi, nephew of
Lakandula, and first cousin Martin Pangan.
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1589 • Revolt against the Tributes.
1590 • Missionaries from the Society of Jesus established the Colegio de Manila in Intramuros.
• Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1590–1593)
1592 • Miguel de Benavides's Doctrina Christiana was published in Chinese
1593 • Doctrina Christiana in Spanish and Tagalog was published in the first printing press said to be
established by Dominicans.
1593 Oct. • Pedro de Rojas appointed Governor-General (1593)
1593 Dec. • Luis Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1593–1596)
• Dominicans pioneer printing in the Philippines by producing through the old technique of
xylography. This technique produced the Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Española y Tagala and the
Doctrina Christiana en Lengua y Letra China, the first books in the Philippines
1594 • Convent of Santa Isabel founded
1521 TO 1600S
DATE EVENT
1595 • Different Dioceses were established – Nueva Segovia (Ilocos), Carceres, Cebu.
• Manila was raised to Archibisphoric.
• Colegio de San Ildefonso was established in Cebu.
1596 • The Magalat Revolt
• Francisco de Tello de Guzmán appointed Governor-General (1596–1602)
1598 • The first school for girls – Colegio de Santa Potenciana – was established in the Philippines.
1600 • The Dutch attacked the archipelago in a tactical offensive during the European war between
Spain and the Netherlands.
• Bandala System is formed by the Spanish Colonial Government
• The Galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico began.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
The Manila Galleon Trade (1600s)

• This trading lasted for more than 250

years.
• It was actually inaugurated in 1565.
• Between 1609 and 1619, 9 galleons were
actually constructed in the Phillippines
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century

The Igorot Revolt (1601)

• Then Governor General Francisco del

Tello de Guzman wanted the conversion
of the natives to Catholicism.
• Sent Fr. Esteban Marin for the mission.
• Fr. Marin allegedly tried to create his own
dictionary in the Igorot’s native
language.
• Fr. Marin eventually was killed.
• Lt. Mateo de Aranda eventually forced the
natives into slavery.
• But the Igorots would defy them.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
The Chinese Revolt (1603)

• 30,000 Chinese merchants were

slaughterd.
• Local Chinese officials and civilians were
also included.
• Surviving Chinese locals eventually setfire
in Binondo and Legarda.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century

Tamblot Revolt (1621 – 1622)

• It was a religious uprising in Bohol.

• Tamblot, a Babaylan native priest, urged his
fellow Boholanos to return to the old native
religion of their forefathers.
• The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits
were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day of St.
Francis Xavier.
• It was finally crushed on New Year's Day in
1622.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
Tapar Revolt (1663)

• Started by Tapar, a Babaylan native of

Panay.
• He was a Visayan Babaylan convert who was
new to Catholicism.
• Tapar’s syncretic religion appropriated
Catholic terminologies and ignored the
Spanish priests.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century

The Sumuroy Revolt (1643)

• Agustin Sumuroy or Juan Sumuroy was a

Waray leader.
• Also known as the Waray Hero of
Palapag, Northern Samar.
• Father Miguel Ponce Barberan was killed
by Sumuroy by hurling a javelin at him,
killing the priest instantly. This event
marked the beginning of the uprising of
the men of Palapag
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
Malong Revolt (1660 – 61)

• This was led by Pangasinesee Andres

Malong.
• He proclaimed himself as the “King of
Pangasinan”
• Spanish forces eventually captured him
and subsequently executed him
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century

Maniago Revolt (1660s)

• It was led by Don Francisco Maniago of

Pampanga.
• It was a protest against the “polo” or
forced labor and “bandala” or tribiutes.
• Pampanga drew most of the attention from
the religious group because of its relative
wealth.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 18th Century
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 18th Century
The Assassination of Fernando Manuel de Bustillo
Bustamante (1719)

• Was appointed Governor General of the Philippines

(1717 – 1719).
• Bustamante was also responsible for re-establishing
the garrison in Zamboanga in 1718.
• Had a dispute with then Archbishop of Manila
Francisco dela Cuesta.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 18th Century

The Dagohoy Revolt (1744 – 1829)

• The longest rebellion in Philippine History.

• It took the Spaniards 85 years to totally
squash the revolt.
• Forced labor was one of the causes of the
revolt.
• But what triggered the decision to rise up
in arms against the Spanish authorities in
Bohol was the refusal of a Jesuit priest to
give a Christian burial to Dagohoy’s
brother.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
The Agrarian Revolt (1745 - 1746)

• Indigenous landowners rose in arms over

the land grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic
religious orders, with native landowners
demanding that Spanish priests return their
lands on the basis of ancestral domain.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 18th Century

The Silang Revolt (1762 -1763)

• This was led by the couple Diego and

Gabriela Silang.
• This took place during the British
Occupation.
• On December 14, 1762, Diego Silang
declared the independence of Ilocos.
• Diego Silang was eventually killed on
May 28, 1763.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 19th Century
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 19th Century
The Basi Revolt (1807)

• Also known as the Ambaristo Revolt, was a revolt

undertaken from September 16 to 28, 1807.
• It was led by Pedro Mateo and Salarogo Ambaristo.
• This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos'
love for basi, or sugarcane wine.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 18th Century

The Novales Revolt (1823)

• Led by Andres Novales.

• It was an attempt to declare
independence in Manila.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
The Palermo Conspiracy (1828)

• The Palermo Brothers, scions of a prominent

clan in the Philippines, planned to seize the
Government.
• When the Spanish government discovered the
plan, they thought it would be wise to conceal
it from the public.
• The main conspirators were later exiled.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 18th Century

The Pule Revolt (1840—41)

• Formally known as the Religious Revolt of

Hermano Pule (“Revuelta Religiosa del
Hermano Pule)
• Undertaken between June 1840 and
November 1841, this revolt was led
by Apolinario de la Cruz, otherwise known as
"Hermano Pule".
• He started his own Religious Order called
the Cofraternity of St. Joseph (Cofradia
De San Jose)
• The Spanish government sent in troops to
forcibly break up the order, forcing De la Cruz
and his followers to rise in armed revolt in
self-defense.
Philippine Revolts and Uprisings – 17th Century
The Cavite Mutiny (1872)

• An uprising of military personnel of Fuerte San

Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite.
• Around 200 soldiers and laborers rose up in
the belief that it would elevate to a national
uprising.
• The martyrdom of three Filipino priests—José
Burgos, Mariano Gómez, and Jacinto Zamora
—for allegedly conspiring with the rebels at
Cavite sparked a wave of anti-
Spanish sentiment.
Why The Revolts Failed

 Absence of national consciousness.

 Lack of leaders to unite the whole archipelago.
 Regional hostility.
 Geographical challenges.
 Superiority of foreign arms.
 Betrayals