Climate Change

Climate
Change
PRESENTED BY:
HERSHEY DANSALAN MAGSAYO
List of 1
2
What is climate change?
The primary causes of climate change
Contents 3
6
Climate change effects
How to prevent climate change?
Reforestation and afforestation
What is Climate Change?
Climate change refers to significant, long-term
changes in the global climate.
The global climate is the connected system of sun,
earth and oceans, wind, rain and snow, forests, deserts
and savannas, and everything people do, too. The
climate of a place, say New York, can be described as
its rainfall, changing temperatures during the year and
so on.
But the global climate is more than the “average” of
the climates of specific places.
The Primary Causes
of Climate Change
Human Causes
Global Carbon Emissions

The unchecked burning of fossil fuels over the past 150 years has drastically increased the
presence of atmospheric greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide, logging and
development have led to the widespread destruction of forests, wetlands, and other carbon
sinks—natural resources that store carbon dioxide and prevent it from being released into the
atmosphere. atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane,
and nitrous oxide are the highest they’ve been in the last 800,000 years.
Human Causes
Transportation
The cars, trucks, ships, and planes that we use to transport ourselves and our goods are a
major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. Burning petroleum-based fuel in
combustion engines releases massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Passenger cars account for 41 percent of those emissions, with the typical passenger vehicle
emitting about 4.6 metric tones of carbon dioxide per year. And trucks are by far the worst
polluters on the road. They run almost constantly and largely burn diesel fuel, which is why,
despite accounting for just 4 percent of U.S. vehicles, trucks emit 23 percent of all
greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.
We can get these numbers down, but we need large-scale investments to get more zero-
emission vehicles on the road and increase access to reliable public transit.
Human Causes
Electricity Generation
As of 2021, nearly 60 percent of the electricity used in the United

States comes from the burning of coal, natural gas, and other
fossil fuels. Because of the electricity sector’s historical
investment in these dirty energy sources, it accounts for roughly a
quarter of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
Human Causes
Industry & Manufacturing
Most industrial emissions come from the production of a small

set of carbon-intensive products, including basic chemicals, iron
and steel, cement and concrete, aluminum, glass, and paper. In
addition, older facilities in need of efficiency upgrades frequently
leak these gases, along with other harmful forms of air pollution.
Human Causes
Agriculture
The advent of modern, industrialized agriculture has significantly
altered the vital but delicate relationship between soil and the climate
This sector is especially notorious for giving off large amounts of
nitrous oxide and methane, powerful gases that are highly effective
at trapping heat. The widespread adoption of chemical fertilizers,
combined with certain crop-management practices that prioritize
high yields over soil health, means that agriculture accounts for
nearly three-quarters of the nitrous oxide found in our atmosphere.
Human Causes
Buildings
Buildings—both residential and commercial—emit a lot of

greenhouse gases. Heating, cooling, cooking, running appliances,
and maintaining other building-wide systems accounted for 13
percent of U.S. emissions overall in 2020. And even worse, some 30
percent of the energy used in U.S. buildings goes to waste, on
average.
Human Causes
Deforestation
Another way we’re injecting more greenhouse gas into the atmosphere
is through the clearcutting of the world’s forests and the degradation of
its wetlands. Vegetation and soil store carbon by keeping it at ground
level or underground. Through logging and other forms of
development, we’re cutting down or digging up vegetative biomass and
releasing all of its stored carbon into the air. clearcutting is responsible
for releasing more than 25 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere each year—the emissions equivalent of 5.5 million
vehicles.
The Primary Causes
of Climate Change
Natural Causes
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruption they release CO2 and other gases into our atmosphere.
Volcanic Eruptions
According to the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
the current scientific consensus is that long and short-term variations in solar activity
play only a very small role in Earth’s climate. Warming from increased levels of human-
produced greenhouse gases is actually many times stronger than any effects due to
recent variations in solar activity.
Natural Causes
Some amount of climate change can be attributed to natural

phenomena. Over the course of Earth’s existence, volcanic eruptions,
fluctuations in solar radiation, tectonic shifts, and even small changes
in our orbit have all had observable effects on planetary warming and
cooling patterns.
The impact of climate
change in the world
Global Carbon Emissions Agriculture Volcanic Activities Tectonic Shift
Deforestation Solar Irradiance

Climate change is having a massive impact in the World:
• Increased temperatures
• Droughts
• Cyclones, landslides, deforestation
• Flooding
• Devastation of crops, land and infrastructure
• Increased pests and crop diseases, e.g. locust plagues
• Unpredictable and unreliable seasons, leaving farmers unsure when to plant and what to plant
• Increased poverty, food insecurity and famine in an already desperate situation
How to prevent Ending
Reliance in
climate change?
Fossil Fuel
Greater Energy
Effiency
Sustainable
Transportation
How to prevent Sustainable
Building
climate change?
Forestry
Management &
Sustainable
Agriculture
Industrial and
Technological
Solutions
Ending Reliance in Fossil
Fuel
We must replace coal, oil, and gas with renewable and
efficient energy sources. Thankfully, with each passing
year, clean energy is making gains as technology
improves and production costs go down. But in order to
meet the goal of reducing global carbon emissions by at
least 45 percent below 2010 levels before 2030—which
scientists tell us we must do if we’re to avoid the worst,
deadliest impacts of climate change—we must act faster.
Greater Energy
Effeciency
Energy efficiency strategies can be applied across multiple sectors: in our power plants,
electrical grids, factories, vehicles, buildings, home appliances, and more. Some of these
climate-friendly strategies can be enormously complex, such as helping utility companies adopt
performance-based regulation systems, in which they no longer make more money simply by
selling more energy but rather by improving the services they provide. Other strategies are
extraordinarily simple. For example, weatherproofing buildings, installing cool roofs, replacing
boilers and air conditioners with super-efficient heat pumps, and yes, switching out light bulbs
from incandescent to LED can all make a big dent in our energy consumption.
Solar Energy Wind Energy
Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy

Sustainable Transportation
In 2021, electric vehicles (EVs) accounted for less than 8 percent of
vehicle sales globally; by 2035, however, it’s estimated that they’ll account
for more than half of all new sales. Governments around the world aren’t
just anticipating an all-electric future; they’re bringing it into fruition by
setting goals and binding requirements to phase out the sale of gas-
powered internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. That year, 2035, is
expected to mark a turning point in the adoption of EVs and in the fight
against climate change as countries around the world—as well as numerous
automakers—have announced goals to phase out gas-powered cars and
light trucks. This shift will also benefit our grid: EVs are like a “
battery on wheels” and have the potential to supply electricity back to the
network when demand peaks, helping to prevent blackouts.
Sustainable
Buildings
Many places around the world are implementing building performance
standards, which require existing buildings to reduce their energy use or
carbon emissions over time. Most important, if these changes are going to
reach the scale needed, we must invest in the affordable housing sector so
that efficient and decarbonized homes
Forestry Management and
Sustainable Management
We need a combination of responsible forestry policies, international
pressure, and changes in consumer behavior to put an end to
deforestation practices that not only accelerate climate change but
also destroy wildlife habitat and threaten the health and culture of
Indigenous communities that live sustainably in these verdant spaces.
At the same time, we need to treat our managed landscapes with as
much care as we treat wild ones. For instance, adopting practices
associated with organic and regenerative agriculture—cover crops,
pesticide use reduction, rotational grazing, and compost instead of
synthetic fertilizers—will help nurture the soil, yield healthier foods,
and pay a climate dividend too.
Industrial and
Technological Solutions
They should sharply reduce heavy industry’s climate emissions, as well as local pollution.
They should be scalable and widely available in the next decade, especially so that less
developed nations can adopt these cleaner processes and grow without increasing
emissions.
Governments must make investing in clean energy technologies a priority and spur
innovation through grants, subsidies, tax incentives, and other rewards.
Thank You

Climate Change

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Climate Change

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Climate

Global Carbon Emissions

As of 2021, nearly 60 percent of the electricity used in the United

Most industrial emissions come from the production of a small

Buildings—both residential and commercial—emit a lot of

Some amount of climate change can be attributed to natural

Deforestation Solar Irradiance

Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy

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