TH7

TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
MARKETING
*What is Tourism Marketing?
Tourism marketing is the collective name given
to the various marketing strategies used by
businesses within the tourism industry. This
includes, for example, hotels and other forms
of accommodation, along with airlines, car
rental services, restaurants, entertainment
venues, travel agents and tour operators.
The purpose behind tourism marketing is to
promote the business, make it stand out from
rivals, attract customers, and generate brand
awareness.
*THE P’s IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
The product or service is what the company is offering
to satisfy a consumer's want or need. The price is the
value that the seller puts on the product or service.
This includes the cost of the product and the profit the
seller wishes to make. The price is also the amount a
customer has to pay in exchange for the product or
service. The place is the means by which the product
or service reaches the consumer. Promotion is the
strategic plan by which customers are informed about
the product or service and its value. Promotions also
encourage customers to purchase the product or
service. A well-planned and executed marketing mix
will enable marketers to move their products or
services successfully to the consumers.
MARKETING AS A MANAGEMENT PROCESS
1.Marketing Information System. With the advent of
technology, the provision for a marketing information
system enables the organization to compile an
updated set of information about its customers,
competitors, and the organization's capability and
effectiveness.
2.Marketing Planning. This involves an analysis of
the marketing environment in relation to the
potentials of one's business. It also involves the
setting up of objectives and an evaluation of the
milestones that the company has reached. The
creation of marketing strategies will help increase
business by obtaining the best fit between the
company's resources and its target market position.
3.Planning Tactical Campaigns. This step ensures that
practical and realistic tactical campaigns are conducted
in support of the comprehensive marketing strategy.
4.Marketing Operations. This process involves the
challenging part of implementing the planned strategic
and tactical campaigns by coordinating with all
stakeholders, fine tuning the marketing mix as they
unfold, and ensuring that activities are conducted as
planned.
5.Monitoring and Control. This involves the ongoing
process of evaluating sales data and financial
performance versus marketing activities conducted. It
also includes the handling of customer feedback and
complaints (if any) and coordination with what the staff
has to say about the marketing campaigns.Finally, it
includes being aware of what the competitors are doing.
KEY PLAYERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
*1.Private and nonprofit sectors- include industry
associations that have been established to protect
special interest groups such as travel agency
associations(e.g., Philippine Travel Agency
Association (PTA) and Philippine Tour Operators
Association (PHILTOA)), financial services
(e.g.,credit card companies), academe, media, and
insurance companies.
*2.Public sector services - cover either national,
regional, or provincial tourism organizations. They
come up with marketing programs to promote their
destinations to both intermediaries and individual
tourists. The DOT, is attached agencies, and local
tourism offices are under this category.
3.Suppliers
*A. Transportation industry - is crucial to the
success of tourism. Without an efficient
transport system and road networks, tourists
would not be encouraged to come to
destinations that have lengthy, tiresome,
and costly travel. This industry includes
airlines, cruises, buses, and railways.
*B. Accommodation sector - covers a huge
part of a tourist's expenditure during travel.
These are facilities where visitors can stay,
rest, relax, and sleep while away from
home.
C.Food and beverage service sector -is another important
supplier of the tourism industry as it provides for one's
biological need to eat and the need to socialize when dining
in. Restaurants, bars, food stalls, and coffee shops help
shape the total travel experience of tourists.
D.Attractions - are basic requirements in having a successful
tourist destination. These can be classified as natural or man-
made. Tourists are drawn to attractions for various reasons
such as entertainment, leisure and recreation, education,
adventure, etc.
E.Events and conferences - play a key role in attracting
both leisure and business travelers to a destination. Also
known as MICE, or meetings,incentives,conventions, and
exhibitions (or events), it is the fastest-growing segment of
the tourism industry.
4. TRAVEL INTERMEDIARIES –help bring the tourism
product to the consumer. These are also known as
channels or distribution or referred to as the
middlemen. This includes travel agents,tour operators
etc. They normally offer travel packages that make the
experience less complicated for the tourists.
5. TOURISTS – are the heart of tourism industry. Being
the consumers of tourism products, they where they
want to go, what they want to eat and what they want
to do. The tourist’s satisfactions is the utmost goal of
the other key players in the industry. For the tourism
industry to grow, more people need to be attracted to
travel.
*What is Travel History?

*Travel history is a track record of a

traveler/visitor past visits to outside of their
home country. Whenever someone visits into a
foreign country than he /she got an immigration
stamp or a visa stamp on their passport, this
records of stamps on the passport is called travel
history. Travel history tells about all the recent
visits of passport
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

TOURISM BOARD responsible for the promotion of tourism in a

particular area. This could be a city, a region, a country or a group of
countries.
A tourism board is usually Government funded and is usually a
public travel and tourism organisation (although this is not always the
case).
A tourism board is also often referred to as a Destination Marketing
Organisation (DMO).

TRAVEL SERVICES
1. Air
2.Land
3.Train
4.Water
Accommodation services
Accommodation services make up an important part of the structure of
the tourism industry.
1. Hotel
2. Hostels and budget accomodations
3. Holiday park and campsites
4. Homestay
Conferences and events
* Conferences and events make up a significant part of the structure of
the tourism industry.
* Conferences, which often come under business tourism, come in all
shapes and sizes around the world.
* From a small academic gathering to a large-scale summit involving
national leaders from around the world, conferences are an important
component of tourism.
* Likewise, the event sector is also a significant part of the tourism
industry.
Attractions
* An essential component of the tourism industry are the tourist
attractions.
* There are a multitude of different tourist attractions around the
world.
Some are built, some are natural. Some are paid, some are free.
Some are famous, others are not. Some are large and some are
small.

Tourism services
* Tourism services are an essential component of tourism. Without
many tourism services, the tourism industry would fail to
adequately function.
* Below I will explain the three major tourism services that make
up the structure of the tourism industry.
Tour operators
* A tour operator is the individual or organisation who puts
together a trip.
* Typically, a tour operator would package together essential
elements including accommodation, transport and transfer. They
would then sell this package to the
Travel agents
* Traditionally, a travel agent would sell the product that the tour
operator has produced i.e. the package holiday.
* While travel agents have and continue to sell individual holiday
components, they have historically been most commonly used by
tourists who wish to book a package holiday.
Ancillary services
* Ancillary basically means ‘extra’ or ‘additional’. An ancillary
service in the context of tourism, therefore, is any product or
service that is additional to the core elements of
accommodation, transport and transfer. (Attraction tickets, Meal
tickets, Car hire)
Here Are The Different Types Of Travellers
1. The Culture Vulture
* The world is full of amazing cultures, and these travellers want to
explore it all. Museums, art galleries and historical sites are just the tip
of the iceberg. They want to understand and absorb the culture. They
might do quite a bit of research beforehand, to make sure to hit up the
spots that are most relevant to their interests. Culture vultures are all
about immersing themselves into the history of a destination to truly
understand its hidden marvels.
2. The Foodie
* These types of travellers set out around the world in search of delicious
food. They explore different cultures through their cuisines, and
regardless of the destination, are sure to never disappoint with their
choice of food or eateries.
3. The Nature Lover
* These types of travellers are so fascinated by nature, they spend most
of their vacations in jungles and forests observing flora and fauna. A
section of them even spend lots of time on safaris, in all kinds of
environments.
4. The Photographer
* For them, travel is synonymous with pictures. You’ll find these
types of travellers behind the lens of a camera, capturing every
moment of their trip. Panoramic scenes, animals, locals, food,
and themselves; nothing goes unphotographed.
5. The Social Butterfly
* These people are connected to the Photographers, but whatever
they do, they do it for social media. Their pictures can often be
seen on their Facebook or Instagram (along with tons of
hashtags). Some may even be bloggers or YouTubers.
6. The Party Animal
* These are the travellers who travel just for fun and parties.
Their plans revolve around the best party places and nightlife;
look for them at bars or clubs. They can be tons of fun to be
around (except maybe in the early hours of the morning).
7. The Planner
* They are perhaps the most organised type of travellers. They like
to plan out and schedule any trip to the T. Planners often have a
limited amount of time and want to cram as many things in as
possible to get the absolute most from the trip. They also tend to
know more about a place before they travel than most people
who’ve been there.
8. The Nomad
* The polar opposite of the Planner, this one’s trips are sudden and
totally unplanned. Whether they let other people guide them
around, or just go somewhere on a whim, their vacations tend to
be vague but very entertaining.
9. The Thrill Seeker
* With unmatched energy, these adrenaline junkies and daredevils
travel far and wide in search of their next adventure. From
mountain climbing and cliff jumping to bungee jumping, they crave
excitement and love to try new things. One thing’s for sure, you
won’t find them relaxing at the beach or exploring the nearest
museum in depth.
10. The Functional Traveller
* To these travellers, travel is just a means to an end. Mostly consisting of
business travellers, or those visiting an event, (whether it’s a wedding or a
football match), they’re often too consumed with their task to get the most
out of the destinations they’re at.
11. The Pilgrim
* They follow pilgrimage trails or visit the shrines of those they worship –
religious or otherwise. While you can find many at the sacred sites of gods
and goddesses, you can also find them at sporting stadiums, or at places
associated with favourite films and books.
12. The Shopper
* They travel to different parts of the world for one thing, and one thing only
– shopping. Shoppers may be either men or women, but for them, no trip is
complete if their luggage isn’t much heavier on the way home. If they’re
generous some of this might even be for friends and family.
13. The Backpacker
* These types of travellers quite literally travel light. Independently exploring
different places on a low budget. You may think it’s obvious that they carry
their signature backpack, some may even use a duffel bag (gasp!). They’re
often found at hostels and are up for any kind of adventure.
14. The Gap Years
* While this group is often associated with backpacking, they are
generally well-off young people (usually just having graduated
school or college) who want to experience something entirely
new, with the added bonus of being away from home for a long
period. They may also be found volunteering or working abroad.
15. The Complainer
* This one has a problem with just about everything during your
vacation. While some may be legit – like a shower not working,
or dirty bed sheets – most may not. A demanding type of
traveller, they tend to want everything just so (and tend to
favour places that closely resemble home).
16. The Gang
* Typically found travelling in groups, these travellers like to travel
with friends and family and are rarely found alone. Whether it’s
sightseeing or partying, it is all done together either quietly or
(more often) loudly.
17. The Weekender
* These travellers go away on vacation at every single available
opportunity, especially on weekends. They may visit places close
to home, or even go on short trips further away. Often financially
stable, they can afford such luxuries and enjoy seeing as much of
the world as possible.
18. The Chatter Box
* This one seems to befriend anyone and everyone they meet on
their trip, from taxi drivers to waiters. They can’t resist chatting
with all kinds of people, which often means that they also often
have the best stories to tell.
19. The Luxury Traveller
* Nothing less than a 5-star hotel is enough for this traveller. No
matter where they go, luxury is a top priority. From personal cabs
to classy restaurants, they like to do things in style (and of
course, comfort).
20. The Escapee
* A fugitive of all that is mundane and familiar, these travellers are often
quite lost. Whether they’re running away from boredom or heartbreak,
guilt, failure, conflict, or themselves, they’re sure to be looking for
some sort of escape at a faraway destination.
21. The Solo Artist
* A growing section, the solo traveller chooses to venture into the
world alone, and on their own terms. Their trips may be planned to the
last detail, or delightfully vague, but it doesn’t matter because they
answer to no one but themselves.
22. The Soul Searcher
* This one is quite different to the Escapee. They use travel as a means
to find themselves or find some spiritual meaning in life. Often
travelling alone, they want holidays that teach them something,
whether that is meditation or cookery.
23. The Budget Tripper
* While they may want to travel everywhere, these travellers are
constrained by tighter budgets. With the aim of saving money on their
trips, they may prefer walking to cabs and hostels to hotels.
24. The Collector
*They never leave a new place without a
memento. Whether these are physical objects
like a souvenir, seashells, or even sand, or
uncommon experiences, like meteor showers
or balloon rides, these items are often
proudly displayed later.
25. The Pioneer
*They’re seekers of mostly unexplored or
offbeat destinations, whether it’s living with
native tribes or exploring an unusual museum,
they want non-mainstream experiences that
are truly unique.
26. The Rejuvenator
*Looking to get away from the hustle-bustle of everyday
life, these types of travellers want to relax. Whether
they go to a luxury spa or a yoga retreat, they holiday
to get away and unwind from their troubles and to
have a much-needed pampering experience.

27. The Clueless One

*In life, there are leaders and there are followers. This
group is most definitely the latter. They rely on others
to plan their vacation and to then get around the
destination, wanting to be (almost literally) swept
away by the experience of travel.
EXCURSIONIST - is someone who travels for the purpose of
exploring and experiencing new things. They seek out unique and
authentic experiences, and are often willing to go off the beaten
path to find them.
TOURIST - are more focused on visiting popular attractions and
landmarks. They tend to stick to well-worn tourist routes and may
not venture far from their comfort zone.

Excursionist Tourist

Travels for exploration and adventure Travels for leisure or business

Avoids popular tourist destinations Visits popular tourist destinations

Seeks out off-the-beaten-path locations Sticks to well-known areas

Interested in experiencing new cultures and Interested in seeing famous landmarks and
activities attractions
May be less interested in experiencing local
Willing to take risks and try new things
culture
MARKETING PROCESS
The marketing process is the series of
steps businesses follow to promote their
products or services to potential
customers. It involves identifying the
target audience, creating a marketing
strategy, implementing the plan, and
capturing customer value. Essentially,
it's the process of making people aware
of what a business offers and convincing
them to buy it.
*The business must also decide which
overarching concept will lead its marketing
strategy. The five key concepts are as follows:
*The production concept follows the idea that
customers will always demand products that
are available on the market. Therefore,
companies have to focus on maximizing
production and distribution.
*The product concept is the idea that
customers demand high-quality products that
have useful features and numerous benefits.
Therefore, companies should focus on product
innovation and differentiation.
*The selling concept argues that customers will not
value or purchase a product unless a brand
specifically targets large promotional campaigns at
them.
*The marketing concept follows that companies
should create products that satisfy customers' wants
and needs better than competitors rather than
focusing on production or selling. Therefore,
understanding customers is key.
*The social marketing concept is the most recent
one. This concept argues that organizations should
satisfy both the short and long-term needs of
customers and society in general. The focus here is on
maintaining the welfare of the company and society.
Therefore, the focus should be on sustainability.
Steps in the Marketing Process
Step 1: Understand Both the Marketplace and
Customers
Step 2: Develop a Customer-Driven Marketing
Strategy
Step 3: Deliver High Customer Value
Step 4: Grow Profitable Customer Relations
Step 5: Capture Customer Value in the Form
of Profits
MARKETING MIX
The marketing mix consists of the four key elements
of a marketing strategy: product, price, place and
promotion.
Price is the cost of the product that the consumer pays.
During product marketing, it is important to set a price
that reflects the current market trends and is affordable
for consumers, yet at the same time is profitable for the
business.
Place is where and how the product or service is purchased
by the customers. It also entails where the product is
stored and manufactured
Promotion refers to reaching the target audience with the
right message at the right time. It gets the word out and is
an effective way to conduct a sales promotion and connect
with consumers. A promotional strategy aims to show
consumers why they would need a certain product and the
reasons for buying it over other products.
Products are commodities and services that solve problems
and satisfy the needs of consumers.
SERVICE PROFIT CHAIN
Written by Eskett, W. Earl Sasser, and Leonard
Schlesinger
 It is a business model that
illustrates the relationships
between various sectors of
business, such as profitability,
customer loyalty, employee
satisfaction, productivity, and
loyalty, which lead to business
growth.
Customer Satisfaction and Customer
Loyalty
The definition of customer loyalty is
when a person goes to the same
company for subsequent services, even if
that service is more expensive than
those of the competitor.
Profit and Growth
In terms of the service-profit chain
model, profit isn’t the goal; it’s the
result.
 Employee turnover is one of the most
frustrating and recurring problems that
organizations face. Turnover is costly
regardless of whether it’s involuntary (such as
termination due to poor performance) or
voluntary (such as employee-decided
resignation or retirement).
External Service Value Proposition
Customer value is also known as external
value proposition. It’s the promise of value
that a customer expects a business to deliver.
Macro Environment
refers to the external forces within an
economy. Macro environment factors like
inflation, fiscal policy, monetary policy,
consumer spending, GDP, and
employment rates considerably affect
business operations. Governments and
institutions strategize policies based on
these factors.
Macro Environment Factors
*Demographic Factors: Demographics refers to age,
language, lifestyle, income distribution, cultural
differences, etc. Financial literacy depends on
demographics.
*Ecological and Physical Factors: Business
performance depends on various geographical and
ecological forces—availability of natural resources,
climate change, weather conditions, biological
balance, pollution, etc.
*Political and Legal Factors: The government imposes
various regulations on businesses—employment laws,
import/export laws, copyright laws, labor laws,
health and safety laws, and discrimination laws.
*Economic Factors: Consumer buying decisions are
significantly impacted by macroeconomic factors—
demand-supply, inflation, interest rates, taxes,
exchange rates, and recession.
*Technological Factors: Technological growth and
advancement within a nation greatly influence the
production and sale of goods or services.
Innovation, automation, and internet facilities are
some examples.
*Socio-Cultural Factors: A business needs to be
socially responsible and culturally aware. Socio-
cultural factors comprise education, population
growth rate, life expectancy rate, social status,
buying habits, religion, etc.
COMPETITION
Competition is a rivalry where two or more
parties strive for a common goal which cannot
be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss
Businesses vying for the attention of the same
customers are known
as competition in marketing; it’s a fierce
race to demonstrate value and stand out from
the other players in the market. Engaging in
competitive marketing tactics can happen
within a single industry or across multiple
ones.
Types of Competition in Marketing
Direct Competition -occurs when multiple
businesses offer the same product or service to the
same target audience
Indirect Competition-is competition between
companies or providers of products or services that
are not the same but target the same customers
and satisfy the same needs.
Replacement Competition-(also called potential
competition) are vendors who have the ability to
replace the business’ offering altogether by
providing a new solution.
The smartphone was a replacement competitor of
digital cameras.
Disadvantages of Market Competition
*Increasing expenditure on research and promotional
activities
*Companies must continually strive to enhance their
products and services to stay ahead of the
competition which may cause severe pressure to
perform
*Customers constantly push to meet higher standards
of excellence.
*Customers may become confused when presented
with multiple brands that share similar
characteristics.
*Employees are expected to raise the bar and reach
higher levels of performance.
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY PROMOTIONS
*Tourism promotion involves marketing a destination to
attract visitors and encourage travel to that particular
location. It is a multi-faceted process that relies on various
elements and strategies to effectively promote a destination.
Here are the key elements of tourism promotion:
*1. Branding: Creating a strong and distinctive brand
for the destination is fundamental. This includes
developing a unique identity, logo, slogan, and
overall visual representation that reflects the
essence and appeal of the location.
*2. Target Audience: Identifying and understanding
the target audience is crucial. Tourism promotion
efforts should be tailored to the preferences,
interests, and demographics of the intended visitors.
*3. Market Research: Conducting market
research to gather insights into traveler
preferences, trends, and competition is
essential. This data informs marketing
strategies and helps identify competitive
advantages.
*4. Online Presence: Establishing a robust
online presence is vital in the digital age.
This includes creating an informative and
visually appealing website, engaging on
social media platforms, and utilizing online
travel booking platforms.
*5. Content Marketing: Generating high-quality
content that showcases the destination's attractions,
culture, activities, and unique experiences is
important. This content can be in the form of
articles, blogs, videos, and social media posts.
*6. Visual Materials: Utilizing visually appealing
photos and videos that capture the beauty and
uniqueness of the destination is crucial. Visual
content is highly effective in attracting potential
tourists.
*7. Public Relations: Engaging with media outlets
and travel influencers to generate positive publicity
and coverage of the destination can significantly
impact tourism promotion.
*8. Advertising: Using a mix of advertising
channels, including digital, print, television,
and radio, to reach a broader audience and
create awareness about the destination.
*9. Partnerships and Collaborations: Partnering
with airlines, hotels, tour operators, and other
tourism-related businesses to create package
deals and promotions can attract travelers and
enhance the overall experience.
*10. Events and Festivals: Hosting or promoting
events, festivals, and cultural celebrations can
draw visitors and provide unique experiences
for tourists.
TOURISM MULTIPLIER EFFECT

Tourism not only creates jobs in the

tertiary sector, it also encourages growth
in the primary and secondary sectors of
industry. This is known as the multiplier
effect which in its simplest form is how
many times money spent by a tourist
circulates through a country's economy.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION IN
THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
A. Catered accommodation- provides the
tourist with food. The food may or may not
be included in the price of the hotel.
*1. Hotels- are the most traditional and most
common types of accommodation. Hotels
can be large or small. They can be
independently owned businesses or they can
be part of a hotel chain. Hotels may be part
of a holiday resort.
2. Bed and breakfasts- is just as it
sounds- a type of accommodation that
offers a bed and a breakfast!
3. Guest houses and home-stays- A
guest house is essentially a house that
welcomes guests.Guest houses tend to
be bigger than bed and breakfast
accommodations. Guest houses may or
may not offer breakfast included in the
price of the hotel room.
4.Chalets- are typically found in ski resorts and can
come on a self-catering or catered basis. It is made
of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof and wide,
well-supported eaves set at right angles to the front
of the house. Often they are available with your own
personal chef!
5.Youth hostels-A youth hostel is a type of
accommodation designed to suit the needs of those
on a budget. Whilst anyone can stay in a youth
hostel, they are largely aimed at young people.Youth
hostels will often provide dormitory-style
accommodation, with shared rooms and bunk beds.
B. SELF-CATERED OR NON-CATERED
ACCOMMODATION- are types of accommodation
that do not offer food. Self-catered
accommodations offer cooking facilities, such
as a small kitchen and cooking equipment.
Non-catered accommodation is likely a room-
only accommodation with no cooking
facilities.
1. Cottages - is typically a small, cosy house
that is classed as being old or traditional.
Cottages are quintessential British homes that
are often found in semi-rural locations.
2.Apartments- are a popular self-catering
accommodation option. Apartments are found in
many areas, but are most common in built up areas
such as towns and cities and busy resorts.
3. Boats
4.Log cabins- are popular in countries with cooler
weather, such as ski destinations.Log cabins are
defined by the material that they are built with-
logs. They can be small or large and have varying
facilities inside.
5.Motels-A motel is defined as being a roadside
hotel designed primarily for motorists, typically
having the rooms arranged in low blocks with
parking directly outside.The word came into
common use (at least, it appeared in dictionaries)
after World War II. It is a portmanteau of ‘motor’
and ‘hotel’.
6.Aparthotels- is a serviced apartment complex that
uses a hotel-style booking system. It is similar
to renting an apartment, but with no fixed contracts
and occupants can "check out" whenever they wish,
subject to the applicable minimum length of stay
imposed by the company.
7. Caravans- come in various shapes and sizes, from compact
trailers to spacious motorhomes, catering to different needs
and budgets. These mobile homes on wheels are equipped
with essential amenities such as sleeping quarters,
kitchenette, bathroom, and living space, offering a home-
away-from-home experience on your travels.
8.Hostels- are pretty much the same as youth
hostels, except for they may not provide
provisions for catering. Some hostels have a
communal area, such as a seating area or
kitchen, whereas other may not.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOTELS

Classification Based on Size

* Small Hotels. These are hotels whose number of guest rooms does
not exceed 25.

* Medium Hotels. They include hotels with the number of guest

rooms ranging between 26 and 100.

* Large Hotels. These are hotels whose number of guest rooms

ranges between 101 and 300.

* Very large Hotels. These are hotels with more than 300 guest
rooms.
Classification Based on Stars

*1 Star Hotels. These include all the smaller hotels under the
management of a proprietor. 1 Star hotels are generally
characterized by a personal atmosphere and are often
located within the vicinity of affordable attraction sites or a
major intersection with convenient transportation. These
hotels have basic but clean furnishings, and most of them
may lack an on-site restaurant, though they are generally
within reach by walking. 1 Star hotels need to have 10
lettable bedrooms or more, 25% of which should be
equipped with an attached bathroom. Every 4 of the
remaining rooms should share a bathroom. Moreover, 25% of
the bathrooms should be equipped with Western WCs. The
reception counter should have a telephone for use by the
guests.
Classification Based on Stars

2 Star Hotels. These hotels should be developed in a suitable

locality with beautiful environs. They need to have a
reception counter that has a telephone for use by the guests.
Furthermore, all the private and public rooms should be
equipped with air conditioning facilities and support quality. 2
Star hotels need to hire experienced, efficient and courteous
staff that is always in presentable, clean uniforms. They
should have a minimum of 10 lettable rooms, of which 75%
need to have attached bathrooms fitted with showers. Also, a
minimum of 25% of the rooms needs to be equipped with air
conditioning facilities. Each guest room should have
telephone vervices, as well as a radio or background music,
and they need to be furnished with curtains, carpets, and
high-standard luxurious furniture.
Classification Based on Stars

3 Star Hotels. They have spacious accommodation, decorated

lobbies, and efficient staff. These hotels are generally
located in business areas with high-standard environs. 3-star
hotels are equipped with furnished dining rooms, with a
minimum of 20 lettable rooms, all attached with bathrooms
that offer long baths. Also, at least half the number of the
rooms need to have air conditioning facilities, as well as
furnished, high-standard furniture, carpets, and curtains. The
hotels have a reception, information, finance counter, and
conference facilities, all attended by qualified, highly
trained, and experienced personnel. Laundry serviced are
provided, together with high- end housekeeping services, and
each guest room should have telephone services, radio, or
background music.
Classification Based on Stars

4 Star Hotels. These hotels are found in areas with

distinct architectural features and high-standard
immediate environs. The hotels have a reception,
information, finance counter, and conference
facilities, all attended by qualified, highly trained,
and experienced personnel. The hotels need to have
a minimum of 25 lettable rooms, all attached with
bathrooms that offer long baths. 4 Star hotels have a
separate special restaurant designed with dancing
facilities. Also, each guest room should have
telephone services, radio, or background music.
Classification Based on Stars

5 Star Hotels. These hotels are found in areas with

distinct architectural features and high-standard
immediate environs. The hotels have a reception,
information and finance counter, as well as
conference facilities all attended by qualified, highly
trained and experienced personnel. The hotels need
to have a minimum of 25 lettable rooms, all attached
with bathrooms that offer long baths. Moreover,
laundry serviced are provided, together with high-
end housekeeping services, and each guest room
should have telephone services, rado, or background
music. The swimming pool should be available and
ample parking space.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele
Downtown Hotels. They are usually within or close
to a city's business center, public offices, shopping
areas, and theatres. In other words, these hotels are
within the city's commercial hub, have high room
rates, and most of their customers are business
clientele. They are designed to cater to the leisure
or business needs of traveling public figures. Among
these types of hotels include luxury, business, mid-
scale, economy, suites, or residentials, all of which
provide a wide array of services, as well as high-class
accommodation facilities.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Suburban Hotels. These are hotels built

closer to the city's outskirts, with similar
facilities as those in downtown hotels. Sub-
urban hotels are preferred by people who do
not want to stay within the city center. Since
the room rates in these hotels are moderate,
they attract budget travelers.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Resort Hotels. They are located in tourist

destinations, such as sea beaches, hill
stations, and the countryside, and are
characterized by a natural, calm ambiance.
The room rates of resort hotels may vary
based on the services offered. Most of the
activities associated with resort hotels are
leisure activities, including golf, as well as
winter and summer sports.
Classification based on Location and Clientele

Airport Hotels. These hotels are developed near

airports to offer commercial services and are
patronized by stopover passengers. They usually
receive many travelers that depart and arrive in
the world's major airports. These guests are a
wide variety of leisure, group, and business
travelers. Passengers that happen to be late or
early for their flights book and spent time at the
airport hotels, while others can rest as they wait
to connect their flights.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Motels: The term is a combination of motor'

and hotel.' Motels are usually located along
highways to offer modest lodging services.
They offer accommodations, meals, parking
space, garage facilities, and vehicle refueling
services to highway travelers.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Residential Hotels. These are hotels meant to

provide accommodation services to long-
staying customers. Guests can stay for up to 2
years in these hotels, enjoying the modest
services offered.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Suite Hotels. They provide high-end

personalized services, and their guest rooms
are partitioned into living areas, kitchenettes
equipped with microwaves and refrigerators,
bedrooms with attached bathrooms, and
dance floors
Classification based on Location and
Clientele
Bed and Breakfast Hotels. They include
lodging establishments operated in the
residence of large families. These hotels
consist of houses with several rooms used to
provide overnight services and commercial
buildings having between 20 and 30 guest
rooms. The services are provided by the hotel
owner who stays on the premises or in its
neighborhood. The services provided by the
host are usually memorable in order to attract
more guests
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Casino Hotels. They are primarily meant to

offer gambling facilities, attracting their
clientele through gambling promotions,
extravagant shows, and charter flight services
to clients. This industry is gaining momentum
at a faster rate, and its impact is being seen
in how it is quickly reshaping the USA's
economy as an entertainment industry.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Conference Centers. They are designed to

provide services to conference delegations by
availing rooms, conference halls, meals and
drinks, flip charts, whiteboards, as well as
overhead projectors together with screens,
public address systems, and computers. These
hotels are designed to provide facilities that
meet the needs of various groups that attend
and hold conventions and are an attraction for
leisure travelers.
Classification based on Location and
Clientele

Green Hotels. These are properties that are

environmentally-friendly, developed, and
managed with the aim to institute water and
energy-saving programs, as well as reducing
solid waste.
Classification Based on Services
World Class Services Hotels. These hotels are
also called luxury or upmarket hotels and
mainly target the affluent. They provide high-
end, personalized services with a keen
emphasis on class and excellence. Luxury
hotels offer exquisite décor, upscale lounge
and restaurants, opulent rooms, concierge
services, and ample facilities. Moreover, these
hotels have designer swimming pools, tennis
courts, golf courses, shopping arcades, health
spas, beauty salons, as well as sauna and
Jacuzzi.
Classification Based on Services

Mid-Range Service Hotels. They come after

the Upmarket hotels, offering modest services
to clients, most of whom are travelers. These
hotels offer room services, as well as 24-hour
railway or airport commute services. Most
Mid-Range hotels have between 150 and 300
guest rooms.
Classification Based on Services

Budget Hotels. These hotels focus on

providing services at meetings and have
inexpensive, clean, and comfortable rooms.
They are patronized by budget-concerned
travelers and families. Also known as economy
hotels, they are increasingly becoming
popular, especially within the last two
decades. They offer clean, well-furnished,
and moderately priced rooms.
Classification Based on Staying Duration

Commercial Hotels. People can only stay in

these hotels for a few days or a week.

Transient Hotels. These are hotels in which

most of the guests (75%) are en-route
residents who stop to spend a short period at
the hotel before proceeding with their
journey.
Classification Based on Staying Duration

Semi-resident Hotels. They are hotels that

accommodate people staying for some weeks or
months before moving to another location.

Apartment or Residential Hotels. These hotels

are apartments offering a dining room, meal
service, and maid service. They can be luxurious
or moderately priced, and their rooms are usually
sold on a yearly or monthly basis. Residential
Hotels have operational restaurants, telephone
services, as well as valet and laundry services.
Classification Based on Staying Duration

Extended-Stay Hotels. They are lodging-like

hotels with features that provide home-like
amenities. They offer discounts of about 7 days
for extended stays and have laundry facilities, as
well as guest rooms complete with kitchens.
These hotels are developed to cater to those
guests that decide to stay for a certain period.
However, they also receive the guests that intend
to stay for shorter periods their there is sufficient
space. The long-staying guests are attracted by
the cut in room prices based on the time they
spend at the hotel.