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    02 Protocolarchitecture 2

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    02 Protocolarchitecture 2

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    6 views22 pages

    02 Protocolarchitecture 2

    Uploaded by

    22520101

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    1

    Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and


    Internet-Based Applications
    Data and Computer Communications
    by William Stallings
    Eighth Edition

    Networks and
    Communication Click to2edit Master subtitle style
    Chapter
    Department
    Need For Protocol Architecture

    data exchange can involve complex procedures.


    better if task broken into subtasks
    implemented separately in layers in stack
     each layer provides functions needed to perform functions

    for layers above


     using functions provided by layers below

    layers communicate using a set of rules known as a protocol.


    TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
    • developed by US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
    (DARPA)
    • for ARPANET packet switched network
    • used by the global Internet
    TCP/IP Layers )1
    5.Application layer
    4.transport layer
    3.Network layer
    2.Data link layer
    1. Physical layer
    Physical Layer
    • The physical layer is responsible transforming data
    into bits.
    concerned with issues like:
     characteristics of transmission medium
     Representation of bits and signal levels: how 0,1 are changed
    to signals.
     data rates: number of bits sent per second and duration of
    bits.
     Synchronization of bits.
    Data link Layer

    • The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one
    hop(node)to the next
    • It adds a header to the frame to define the sender and the
    receiver of the frame.
    • Using physical address(MAC) : the local address of a node
    as defined by its LAN pr WAN.
    • concerned with issues like:
    -Flow control
    -Error control
    Data link Layer

    The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from


    one hop(node)to the next
    Hop-to-hop delivery
    Network layer
    • Network layer is responsible for the delivery of packets from
    the source host to the destination host across multiple
    networks.
    • using IP address: 32-bit address that uniquely define a
    host connected to the internet.
    • routers connect two networks and relays data between them
    Source-to-destination delivery
    Transport Layer (TCP)
    • Delivery from a specific process on a computer to specific
    process on the other
    • Using Port address: 16-bit address to choose among
    multiple processes on the destination host.
    Process-to-process delivery
    Application Layer
    • Enables the user to access the network
    Addressing Requirements

    Three levels of addressing required:


    • each host on a subnet needs a unique global network address

    its IP address
    • each application on a (multi-tasking) host needs a unique

    address within the host known as a port address


    • Physical address
    OSI )2
    • Open Systems Interconnection
    • developed by the International Organization for
    Standardization (ISO)
    • has seven layers
    OSI Model
    Session layer

    •The session layer is responsible for dialog control and


    synchronization .

    •Establish, manage ,terminate session


    Presentation layer

    •The presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and


    semantics of the information exchanged between two
    systems
    Summary of layers

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