ppt-Q4-Module-4 Understanding Ways To Collect Data (DATA COLLECTION METHOD)

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion
MODULE 4 –
UNDERSTANDING WAYS TO
COLLECT DATA
(Data Collection Method)
MA. FAITH O. MALON
OVERVIEW OF QUALITAIVE
RESEARCH
Qualitative research is a method of inquiry that aims to
understand human behavior, experiences, and phenomena in
depth. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on numerical
data and statistical analysis, qualitative research seeks to explore
and interpret meanings, patterns, and themes in non-numerical
data. This approach is used in various fields, including sociology,
psychology, education, anthropology, and healthcare, to gain
insights into complex social and human issues.
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITAIVE
RESEARCH
Qualitative research is valuable because it

allows researchers to explore topics that are
difficult to quantify or measure with numbers.
It provides rich, detailed descriptions and
insights into human behavior, attitudes, and
beliefs.
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITAIVE
RESEARCH
Qualitative research also helps researchers

understand the context in which people
experience certain phenomena, which can lead
to more effective interventions, policies, and
practices.
Remember:
In qualitative research, understanding the context is crucial.
By using methods such as interviews, observations, and document
analysis, researchers can gain a deep understanding of human
behavior and experiences.
For example, in a study on student engagement in online learning,

researchers might conduct interviews with students to understand
their motivations and challenges. They might also observe online
forums to see how students interact with course materials and each
other. Document analysis could involve reviewing course materials
and student submissions to identify patterns in learning outcomes.
What are the
different ways to
collect data in
qualitative
research?
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH DATA
COLLECTION
METHOD/PROCESS
INTERVIEW
• The interview is the usual method

utilized by qualitative researchers. It
refers to the process of gathering
data through asking questions to a
respondent and recording what the
respondent has said.
OBSERVATIO
• This is the N of using senses
process to collect
empirical data. There are two types of
observation:
1. Participatory- The participant observation means
watching the events or situation or activities from
inside by taking part in the group to be observed.
He freely interacts with the other group members,
participates in various activities of the group,
acquires the way of life of the observed group or
his own, and studies their behavior or other
activities not as an outsider but by becoming a
member of that group.
OBSERVATION
2. Non-Participatory- The observer observes

the group passively from a distance without
participating in the group activities
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS (FGD)
• This is a kind of method wherein the

researcher groups his/her
respondents into clusters. It should be
noted that the clusters or groups that
must be formed should follow some
criteria.
TEXTUAL/DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
• This is a “respondent-less” research.

Even if there is no real respondent,
the researcher should delve into a very
in-depth research into both primary and
secondary sources to establish strong
claim.
Collecting and
Analyzing Your
Data
• Direct observation – Direct
observation of a situation
or your research subjects
can occur through video
tape playback or through
live observation.
• Participant observation –
Participant observation is the
immersion of the researcher
in the community or situation
being studied.
• Surveys – Written
questionnaires and open
ended surveys about ideas,
perceptions, and thoughts
are other ways by which
you can collect data for
your qualitative research.
• "Document analysis" – This
involves examining written,
visual, and audio documents
that exist without any
involvement of or instigation
by the researcher.
• Coding – In coding, you
assign a word, phrase, or
number to each category.
Start out with a pre-set
list of codes that you
derived from your prior
knowledge of the subject.
• Narrative analysis –
Narrative analysis focuses
on speech and content,
such as grammar, word
usage, metaphors, story
themes, meanings of
situations, the social,
cultural and political
context of the narrative
• Hermeneutic Analysis –
Hermeneutic analysis
focuses on the meaning
of a written or oral text.
• Content analysis/Semiotic
analysis – Content or
semiotic analysis looks at
texts or series of texts
and looks for themes and
meanings by looking at
frequencies of words.
• When preparing
the report on
your qualitative
research, keep in
mind the
audience for
whom you are
writing and also
the formatting
guidelines of the
research journal
you wish to
submit your
research to.
How can researchers ensure
ethical responsibility in
selecting and applying data
collection methods in
qualitative research?
ACTIVITY 1. :
APPLICATION:
Selecting Data Collection Methods

for Research Scenarios
Instructions:
1. Choose and apply the most appropriate data
collection method for the sample scenario and justify
your choice of data collection method.
2. Explain and justify why they believe their chosen
method is the most suitable for the given scenario,
citing relevant principles and concepts learned in the
lesson.
3. Write your answer in your notebook.
Research Scenario: Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Teenagers' Mental Health
Scenario Description: You are part of a research team investigating the impact of social
media use on the mental health of teenagers. The study aims to explore how different
aspects of social media, such as usage patterns, content consumption, and interaction with
peers, influence teenagers' mental well-being. The research is timely as concerns have been
raised about the potential negative effects of social media on teenagers' mental health.
Research Question: "What is the impact of social media use on the mental health of
teenagers, and how do different aspects of social media contribute to this impact?“
Key Components:
• Target Population: Teenagers aged 13-18 who actively use social media platforms
• Data Needed: Information on social media usage patterns, types of content consumed,
frequency of interaction, and self-reported mental health status
• Context: Increasing concern about the effects of social media on mental health, particularly
among teenagers
ACTIVITY 2
ASSESSMENT:
A. INSTRUCTION. Identify the data collection method described by
answering with the appropriate method or process used in qualitative
research.
1. What data collection method involves observing and recording behaviors,

interactions, and events in natural settings?
2.What method involves reviewing written, visual, or audio-visual materials to
understand a particular phenomenon?
3.What process involves engaging in one-on-one or group conversations with
participants to gather in-depth information?
4.What method involves analyzing publicly available social media posts or other
online content?
5.What process involves organizing discussions with a group of participants to
explore shared experiences and perspectives?
B. INSTRUCTION: Choose and apply a data collection method
(e.g., interviews, observations, document analysis) that you
believe would be most suitable for collecting qualitative data in
that scenario. Justify your choice based on the research objectives
and context of the study.
Scenario: You are conducting a qualitative study on the

experiences of first-generation college students. Your
research aims to explore the challenges and successes these
students face in navigating the college environment and
achieving academic success.
ASSIGNMENT:
Instruction. Research a qualitative research

study and analyze the data collection
methods used. Then, write a short report
discussing the relevance and
appropriateness of the methods chosen.
Thank you!

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Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

Qualitative research is valuable because it

Qualitative research also helps researchers

For example, in a study on student engagement in online learning,

• The interview is the usual method

2. Non-Participatory- The observer observes

• This is a kind of method wherein the

• This is a “respondent-less” research.

Selecting Data Collection Methods

1. What data collection method involves observing and recording behaviors,

Scenario: You are conducting a qualitative study on the

Instruction. Research a qualitative research

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