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    Cell Injury 14.3.22

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    Leo Lucifer 104
    This document discusses cell injury. It begins by listing the objectives of discussing causes of cell injury, changes in reversibly injured cells, and mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic, reperfusion, free radical and chemical injury. The document then covers various causes of cell injury including aging, hypoxia, nutrition, physical and chemical factors. It discusses consequences of decreased ATP, mechanisms of membrane damage, increased cytosolic calcium, and time scale of response to injury from minutes to days. Common forms of injury discussed include ischemic/hypoxic, ischemia/reperfusion, free radical induced, and chemical injury. Specific mechanisms and effects of each type of injury are then outlined.

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    Cell Injury 14.3.22

    Uploaded by

    Leo Lucifer 104
    12 views27 pages
    This document discusses cell injury. It begins by listing the objectives of discussing causes of cell injury, changes in reversibly injured cells, and mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic, reperfusion, free radical and chemical injury. The document then covers various causes of cell injury including aging, hypoxia, nutrition, physical and chemical factors. It discusses consequences of decreased ATP, mechanisms of membrane damage, increased cytosolic calcium, and time scale of response to injury from minutes to days. Common forms of injury discussed include ischemic/hypoxic, ischemia/reperfusion, free radical induced, and chemical injury. Specific mechanisms and effects of each type of injury are then outlined.

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    This document discusses cell injury. It begins by listing the objectives of discussing causes of cell injury, changes in reversibly injured cells, and mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic, reperfusion, free radical and chemical injury. The document then covers various causes of cell injury including aging, hypoxia, nutrition, physical and chemical factors. It discusses consequences of decreased ATP, mechanisms of membrane damage, increased cytosolic calcium, and time scale of response to injury from minutes to days. Common forms of injury discussed include ischemic/hypoxic, ischemia/reperfusion, free radical induced, and chemical injury. Specific mechanisms and effects of each type of injury are then outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    12 views27 pages

    Cell Injury 14.3.22

    Uploaded by

    Leo Lucifer 104
    This document discusses cell injury. It begins by listing the objectives of discussing causes of cell injury, changes in reversibly injured cells, and mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic, reperfusion, free radical and chemical injury. The document then covers various causes of cell injury including aging, hypoxia, nutrition, physical and chemical factors. It discusses consequences of decreased ATP, mechanisms of membrane damage, increased cytosolic calcium, and time scale of response to injury from minutes to days. Common forms of injury discussed include ischemic/hypoxic, ischemia/reperfusion, free radical induced, and chemical injury. Specific mechanisms and effects of each type of injury are then outlined.

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    You are on page 1of 27

    Cell Injury

    Dr Anita Ramdas
    Objectives
    • Discuss causes of cell injury
    • Enumerate biochemical changes in a
    reversibly injured cell
    • Discuss mechanism of
    ischemic/hypoxic and reperfusion injury
    HYPERTROPHY
    HYPERPLASIA
    ATROPHY
    METAPLASIA
    The relationships between normal, adapted,
    reversibly injured, and dead myocardial cells
    6
    Causes of Cell Injury or Stress

    Aging
    Hypoxia Nutrition

    Physical Genetic
    Cellular
    Injury
    Chemicals Immunologic

    Drugs Microbiologic
    Consequences of
    decreased
    intracellular ATP
    Mechanisms of
    membrane
    damage in cell
    injury.
    Increased
    cytosolic
    calcium in
    cell injury.
    FREE RADICAL INDUCED INJURY
    Time Scale of Response to
    Injury
    Organelle Cell Tissue Organ
    Electron Light Macroscopic
    microscopic microscopic (gross)
    changes changes Changes

    Minutes-hours Hours - days


    Why does it matter?
    Common forms of cell injury
    • Ischemic and hypoxic injury
    • Ischemia / reperfusion injury
    • Free radical induced cell injury
    • Chemical Injury
    Ischaemic/hypoxic injury - Reversible
    Membrane
    Ischaemia injury

    Cellular swelling
    loss of microvilli
    Influx of Ca2+
    2+,
    blebs
    H22O, Na++
    ER swelling
    efflux of K++ myelin figures

    Clumping of
    Mitochondria
    Na pump chromatin

    Oxidative pH
    phoshorylation Irreversible
    ATP Glycolysis injury
    Glycogen

    Detachment of protein Lipid


    ribosomes synthesis deposition
    Ischemia/ reperfusion injury
    • Restoration of blood flow to ischemic
    but otherwise viable tissues results,
    paradoxically, in exacerbated and
    accelerated injury
    Ischemia O2 ATP
    Reperfusion

    Phospholipid cytosolic Ca2+ Endothelium WBC


    reacylation/
    synthesis Phospholipase Protease Parenchymal
    activation activation cells

    Phospholipid Cytoskeletal
    O2 FR
    degradation damage
    Loss of
    intracellular
    Phospholipid Lipid breakdown aminoacids Lipid
    loss products peroxidation

    Membrane damage
    Chemical/drug injury

    Those acting directly by Those that


    combining with critical require activation
    molecule or organelle (Biotransformation)

    HgCl22 binds to
    CO inactivates Acetaminophen
    sulphhydryl CCl44 forms CCl33
    cytochrome forms highly
    groups free radical
    oxidase toxic metabolite
    of cell membrane
    Review
    • A 20-year-old man is involved in a motor vehicle accident which
    results in multiple blunt trauma and lacerations to his lower
    extremities. The left femoral artery is lacerated, and he incurs
    extensive blood loss and remains hypotensive for hours during
    transport to the emergency department. On admission, his
    hematocrit is 12%. Which of the following tissues is most likely
    to withstand the impact of these events with the least damage?
    A Skeletal muscle
    B Intestinal epithelium
    C Retina
    D Cerebral cortex
    E Renal tubules
    Review
    • A 45-year-old man has a traumatic injury to his forearm and
    incurs extensive blood loss. On physical examination in the
    emergency department his blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg.
    Which of the following cellular changes is most likely to
    represent irreversible cellular injury as a result of this injury?
    A Epithelial dysplasia
    B Cytoplasmic fatty metamorphosis
    C Nuclear pyknosis
    D Atrophy
    E Anaerobic glycolysis
    F Autophagocytosis
    Objectives
    • Discuss causes of cell injury
    • Enumerate biochemical changes in a
    reversibly injured cell
    • Discuss mechanism of
    ischemic/hypoxic,reperfusion,free
    radical and chemical injury

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