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    Pink Illustrative Organic Biology Project Presentation

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    Gericho Ubaldo
    Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential to life that are composed of nucleotides. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is double-stranded and located in the nucleus, where it serves as the cellular library storing genetic information. RNA is single-stranded and found outside the nucleus, functioning to regulate DNA expression and in protein synthesis. Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids and are composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

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    Pink Illustrative Organic Biology Project Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Gericho Ubaldo
    31 views20 pages
    Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential to life that are composed of nucleotides. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is double-stranded and located in the nucleus, where it serves as the cellular library storing genetic information. RNA is single-stranded and found outside the nucleus, functioning to regulate DNA expression and in protein synthesis. Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids and are composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

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    Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential to life that are composed of nucleotides. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is double-stranded and located in the nucleus, where it serves as the cellular library storing genetic information. RNA is single-stranded and found outside the nucleus, functioning to regulate DNA expression and in protein synthesis. Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids and are composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views20 pages

    Pink Illustrative Organic Biology Project Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Gericho Ubaldo
    Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential to life that are composed of nucleotides. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is double-stranded and located in the nucleus, where it serves as the cellular library storing genetic information. RNA is single-stranded and found outside the nucleus, functioning to regulate DNA expression and in protein synthesis. Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids and are composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

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    NUCLEIC

    ACIDS
    : DNA AND RNA
    NUCLEIC ACIDS:
    • Nucleic acids are biopolymers,
    macromolecules, essential to all
    known forms of life.
    • Are the largerst and the most complex organic
    molecules. Discovered by Friedric Miescher in
    1897.

    •• There
    NUCLEIC ACIDS:
    are two types of-
    • The RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) and The
    DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
    NUCLEIC ACIDS
    CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS
    Characteristics and Functions of nucleic acids:

    DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

    double stranded or double helix nucleic acid

    located in the nucleus (particularly eukaryotes).


    And are binded in the chromosome, where is stored
    in the chromatin.

    serves as a cellular library (stores genetic


    information).
    Characteristics and Functions of nucleic acids:

    RNA (Ribonucleic acid)


    single stranded nucleic acid
    mostly found outside of the nucleus

    functions in regulating the expression of dna information storage, in the


    protein synthesis process.

    • diff types:
    - ribosomal rna (Rrna). - messenger rna (Mrna)
    .- transfer rna (Trna).
    NUCLEIC ACIDS
    COMPOSITION
    COMPOSED OF :
    01 02 03

    •Polypeptides (are the building • Nucleic acids are substances with • ( DNA AND RNA are both
    blocks of nucleic acids) high molecular weight ranging polymers )- a long molecule
    from 1,286 to 3,000,000. made up of tiny units called
    - Peptides are short chains of monomers.
    amino acids linked by peptide Made up of CARBON, • The monomers that make up
    bonds. HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, dna and rna are:
    NITROGEN, AND
    NUCLEOTIDES
    PHOSPHORUS.
    • Nitrogen - 15-16%
    NUCLEIC ACIDS
    : NUCLEOTIDES
    NUCLEOTIDES
    NUCLEOTIDES -linked together by
    dehydration synthesis or polymerization
    reactions, between the sugar of one
    nucleotide and the phosphate group of
    another.
    • NUCLEOTIDES has its basic parts, these are:

    - Heterocyclic Base / Nitrogenous Base


    - Phosphate group
    - Pentose sugar ( 5 carbon sugar )
    NUCLEOTIDES: Heterocyclic Base / Nitrogenous
    Base
    COMMON PAIRS:
    DNA - A (adenine) : T(thymine),
    G (guanine) :(cytosine) C,

    • a DNA molecule contains millions of BASE


    PAIRS and they are anti-parallel to each other:
    One runs from 5' to 3' and the other is the
    opposite, from 3' to 5'.

    • an AT pair makes TWO hydrogen bonds.


    • a CG pair makes three hydrogen bonds.
    NUCLEOTIDES: Heterocyclic Base / Nitrogenous
    Base
    COMMON PAIRS:
    RNA - A (adenine) : U (uracil)
    G (guanine) : (cytosine) C

    Meaniwhile in RNA: G to C, instead of A to T, A


    to U is used as base pairs. T (thymine) is
    replaced by U (uracil) when it comes to RNA.

    KEY: U (URACIL) REPLACES T


    (THYMINE)
    PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES Nitrogenous
    bases are
    divided into
    03 2 types:
    PURINES
    AND
    to determine
    PYRAMIDI
    NES.and
    purines
    pyramidines,
    they differ and
    depend on the
    number of ring
    they have.
    NUCLEOTIDES basic parts:
    phosphate group

    -Phosphate, chemical formula PO43-, is a chemical


    compound made up of one phosphorus and four
    oxygen atoms. When it is attached to a molecule
    containing carbon, it is called a phosphate group. It
    is found in the genetic material DNA and RNA.

    (also in molecules such as adenosine triphosphate


    (ATP) that provide energy to cells)
    NUCLEOTIDES BASIC
    PARTS: PENTOSE SUGAR
    ( a pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms)

    DIFFERENCE IN DNA AND RNA’S PENTOSE SUGAR:


    In RNA, the carbon at the C-2 position is attached to a
    hydroxyl (OH) group. In DNA, the carbon at the C-2 does
    not contain this hydroxyl group; rather it is replaced by a
    hydrogen (H) atom.
    (That is why..)

    In RNA, the sugar is RIBOSE, whereas in DNA Nucleotide


    NUCLEIC ACIDS
    DNA AND RNA'S FUNCTION AND
    PROCESS:
    NUCLEOTIDES: DNA
    REPLICATION
    DNA replication is the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells. Before a cell
    divides, it must first copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell
    ends up with its own complete genome.

    Process: DNA
    REPLICATION:
    Step 1: Replication Fork Formation. Before DNA can be
    replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped”
    into two single strands. ...
    Step 2: Primer Binding. The leading strand is the simplest to
    replicate.
    DNA REPLICATION
    PROCESS:
    PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    : Mrna, Trna, Rrna

    2 Stages: Protein synthesis


    • Transcription • Initiation
    • Translation • Elongation
    • Termination
    P
    r
    o S
    t y
    e n
    i t
    n h
    e
    s
    i
    Thank you!
    EXTRA INFORMATION:

    • The combination of a base and sugar is


    called a NUCLEOSIDE.

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