Naveen Kumar College Ggoll No - 237094034

BENGAL COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PPT ON IMPORTANCE OF THERMODYNAMICS

NAME : PRIYANSHU KUMAR
STREAM : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIV. ROLL NO. : 12500723028
SUBJECT : THERMODYNAMICS
SUBJECT CODE : PC-ME-301
SESSION : 2023-24
YEAR : 2ND YEAR ( 3RD SEM)
Introduction on Thermodynamics- It is science of the
relationship between heat , work , temperature , and energy In broad
terms, thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from one
place to another and from one form to another. The key concept is that
heat is a form of energy corresponding to a definite amount
of mechanical work. Heat was not formally recognized as a form of
energy until about 1798, when Count Rumford (Sir Benjamin
Thompson), a British military engineer, noticed that limitless amounts
of heat could be generated in the boring of cannon barrels and that the
amount of heat generated is proportional to the work done in turning a
blunt boring tool. Rumford’s observation of the proportionality
between heat generated and work done lies at the foundation of
thermodynamics. Another pioneer was the French military
engineer Sadi Carnot, who introduced the concept of the heat-engine
cycle and the principle of reversibility in 1824. Carnot’s work
concerned the limitations on the maximum amount of work that can be
obtained from a steam engine operating with a high-temperature heat
transfer as its driving force. Later that century, these ideas were
developed by Rudolf Clausius, a German mathematician and physicist,
into the first and second laws of thermodynamics, respectively
The most important laws of thermodynamics are:
The zeroth law of thermodynamics- When two systems are

each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, the first two
systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This
property makes it meaningful to use thermometers as the “third
system” and to define a temperature scale.
The first law of thermodynamics- It is also the law of

conservation of energy. The change in a system’s internal
energy is equal to the difference between heat added to the
system from its surroundings and work done by the system on its
surroundings. In other words, energy can not be created or
destroyed but merely converted from one form to another.
The second law of thermodynamics- Heat does not
flow spontaneously from a colder region to a hotter region, or,
equivalently, heat at a given temperature cannot be converted
entirely into work. Consequently, the entropy of a
closed system, or heat energy per unit temperature, increases over
time toward some maximum value. Thus, all closed systems
tend toward an equilibrium state in which entropy is at a
maximum and no energy is available to do useful work.
The third law of thermodynamics- The entropy of a

perfect crystal of an element in its most stable form tends to zero
as the temperature approaches absolute zero. This allows an
absolute scale for entropy to be established that, from a statistical
point of view, determines the degree of randomness or disorder in
a system
Uses of thermodynamics:-
Earlier, thermodynamics was studied to make steam engines

work better. Now, ideas from thermodynamics are used in
everything from making engines to studying black holes.
Scientists use thermodynamics for many reasons. One is to make
better engines and refrigerators. Another is to understand the
properties of everyday materials so that they can make them
stronger in the future. Thermodynamics is also used in
chemistry to explain which reactions will work and which will
not (this study is known as chemical kinetics. Thermodynamics
is powerful because simple models for atoms work well in
explaining the properties of large systems like bricks.
Importance of thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a very important branch of both

physics and chemistry. It deals with the study of energy, the
conversion of energy between different forms and the ability of
energy to do work.
Thermodynamics in Our Daily Lives:-
R. Stephen Berry—
Thermodynamics is a beautiful illustration of how needs of very
practical applications can lead to very basic, general concepts and
relations, very much in contrast to the view that the practical and
applied facets of a science are consequences of prior basic studies.
Thermodynamics teaches us that ideas and concepts can flow in
either direction, between the basic and the applied. It was the very
practical challenge of finding the best, most efficient way to pump
water out of tin mines in Cornwall and elsewhere that stimulated
the thinking, notably the young French engineer Sadi Carnot, that
led us to the very basic, general concepts, even laws of nature, that
we call “thermodynamics”.
Traditional, classical thermodynamics is deeply based on the
concept that processes and machines have limits to how efficiently
they can carry out their tasks, limits that minimize the wasteful
losses that all real processes have. And traditional
thermodynamics focuses on finding those limits and hence on how
best to get real systems to approach those limits. (Any system that
would operate at its ideal limit would operate infinitely slowly and
one could not tell whether it was going forward or backward.
Ideal processes of that sort are called “reversible”.) But we can
see how a science evolves by asking new questions, in the case of
thermodynamics, of asking how real systems behave and how
they differ from those ideal but unreachable ideal limits. When
people began to ask those questions, the science of
thermodynamics took on a whole new character and direction.
“Irreversible thermodynamics” is the name that new direction
took on. And when thermodynamics began
examining the consequences of operating a system in real time,
that new aspect became known as “finite-time thermodynamics”.
Thermodynamics is, in some ways, the science that most
influences our daily lives, because we use its concepts and
information in the ways we design and operate so many of the
devices we take for granted in our daily lives. Heating and
cooling systems in our homes and other buildings, engines that
power our motor vehicles, even the design of buildings and
vehicles, all incorporate information from thermodynamics to
make them perform well. However, in contrast to many other
sciences, the way it influences our daily lives is much more
subtle, even invisible. We are much more aware of what biology
is doing for us every day, or what new devices are coming from
quantum physics than of how thermodynamics is influencing our
daily lives (although quantum physics does lead to novel aspects
of thermodynamics).
The primary impact thermodynamics has on our daily lives is
the many ways it shows us how to use energy efficiently, and
minimize the wastes that inevitably accompany that use. One of
the earliest examples appeared at the birth of the subject, when
the work by the French engineer Sadi Carnot revealed that the
highest temperatures in any cycle driving a heat engine should be
as high as possible. Thermodynamics tells us just how important
it is to minimize friction and heat losses through the walls of
our engines, and it can tell us, for example, what is the best
temperature profile for a distillation column to achieve the most
efficient performance. It tells us how to build houses that require
little or no heating fuel. Hence thermodynamics becomes a guide
to design devices that best perform as we would
The primary impact thermodynamics has on our daily lives is
the many ways it shows us how to use energy efficiently, and
minimize the wastes that inevitably accompany that
use. One of the earliest examples appeared at the birth of the
subject, when the work by the French engineer Sadi Carnot
revealed that the highest temperatures in any cycle driving a heat
engine should be as high as possible. Thermodynamics tells us
just how important it is to minimize friction and heat losses
through the walls of our engines, and it can tell us, for example,
what is the best temperature profile for a distillation column to
achieve the most efficient performance. It tells us how to build
houses that require little or no heating fuel. Hence
thermodynamics becomes a guide to design devices that best
perform as we would
The principles of thermodynamics control the
processes by which energy is turned into heat,
how heat is moved from one location to
another, and how heat is converted into
useful work that can be used to power
machines such as electric power plants,
automobiles, and planes.

Naveen Kumar College Ggoll No - 237094034

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Naveen Kumar College Ggoll No - 237094034

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Naveen Kumar College Ggoll No - 237094034

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BENGAL COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PPT ON IMPORTANCE OF THERMODYNAMICS

The zeroth law of thermodynamics- When two systems are

The first law of thermodynamics- It is also the law of

The third law of thermodynamics- The entropy of a

Earlier, thermodynamics was studied to make steam engines

Thermodynamics is a very important branch of both

You might also like