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    Introduction To Psychology Unit 1 PowerPoint

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    Brittany Oliphant
    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts in psychology. It discusses what psychology is, the major fields and goals of psychology. It also outlines the evolution of psychology as a science from early schools of thought like structuralism to modern approaches like cognitive psychology. Finally, it discusses the roles of different types of psychologists and highlights the importance of ethics in psychological research.

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    Introduction To Psychology Unit 1 PowerPoint

    Uploaded by

    Brittany Oliphant
    59 views30 pages
    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts in psychology. It discusses what psychology is, the major fields and goals of psychology. It also outlines the evolution of psychology as a science from early schools of thought like structuralism to modern approaches like cognitive psychology. Finally, it discusses the roles of different types of psychologists and highlights the importance of ethics in psychological research.

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    Unit 1 Notes on Introduction to Psychology

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    Introduction to Psychology Unit 1 PowerPoint

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    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts in psychology. It discusses what psychology is, the major fields and goals of psychology. It also outlines the evolution of psychology as a science from early schools of thought like structuralism to modern approaches like cognitive psychology. Finally, it discusses the roles of different types of psychologists and highlights the importance of ethics in psychological research.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    59 views30 pages

    Introduction To Psychology Unit 1 PowerPoint

    Uploaded by

    Brittany Oliphant
    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts in psychology. It discusses what psychology is, the major fields and goals of psychology. It also outlines the evolution of psychology as a science from early schools of thought like structuralism to modern approaches like cognitive psychology. Finally, it discusses the roles of different types of psychologists and highlights the importance of ethics in psychological research.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Introduction to Psychology

    A Moment to Reflect

    Devotion
    The Science of Psychology
    Something
    to Consider
    Select a word
    from the Brain
    and share
    your
    understanding
    of it.
    The Science
    of
    PSYCHOLOGY
    Objectives
    1. Define the concept psychology.
    2. Explain the concept of the levels of analysis.
    3. Outline the roles of any 2 types of psychologists.
    4. Identify the major schools of Psychology
    5. Explain any two goals of psychology
    6. Explore the history of Psychology.
    7. Distinguish between descriptive and correlation research.
    8. Justify the importance of ethics in research.
    A Quick Overview!
    Defining Psychology
    Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, American
    Psychological Association (APA).
    It is the study of the mind, how it works, and how it affects
    behavior.
    It “embraces all aspects of the human experience, from the
    functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child
    development to care for the aged.”

    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154874
    What is Psychology?
     Psychology – scientific study of behaviour and mental
    process
     Behaviour – outward or overt actions and reactions.
     Mental processes – internal, covert activity of our minds

     Psychology is a science
     Prevent possible biases from leading to faulty observations
     Precise and careful measurement
    What is Psychology (CONT.)?
    • SCIENCE: use of logics to reason about possible cause and
    effects

    • MIND: the mind is what the brain does – the mental events
    it produces both when you engage in thinking and feeling.

    • BEHAVIOUR: outwardly observable acts of a person and


    those are easily seen.
    Why study Psychology?

    The study will give new ways to look at and interpret your
    world and the people who inhabits it.

    Psychology seeks to understand our thoughts, feelings and


    actions.
    What is Psychology all about?
    • Memory
    • Learning
    • Stress
    • Personality
    • Therapy
    • Aging
    • Love
    • Intelligence
    • Persuasion
    • Sexuality
    • Hypnosis
    • Emotional happiness
    • Death
    • Mental illness
    • Conformity
    • Sensation
    • Creativity
    • Treatment of disorders
    Goals of Psychology
    1. Observe

    2. Describe

    3. Explain

    4. Predict

    5. Control
    Fields of Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Educational Psychology
    • Abnormal Psychology
    • Counselling Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Experimental Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Industrial Psychology
    • Forensic Psychology
    The Evolution of a Science
    Structuralism (what are the building block and how they function)
    Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) & Edward Titchener (student of
    Wundt)
    Focused on identifying the “building blocks” of consciousness
    1. sensation (which comes through the sense organs) eyes,
    ears, etc.
    2. feelings (fear, anger, love, etc.)
    The rule of structuralism looked at how the two may occur at the
    same time. Introspection: Looking within
    The Evolution of a Science
    Functionalism (adaptation to the environment around us)
    William James (1842-1910)
    Understanding how our minds helps us to adopt to the world
    around us – in short, to function in it.
    Influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution
    - studied how the mind helps individuals to function in their
    environment
    - animal observations provide clues for human behavior
    (supported by evolutionary ideas)
    The Evolution of a Science
    Psychodynamic Theory
    Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
    The mind has separate components: conscious and
    unconscious

    Much of behavior is influenced by the unconscious

    Psychoanalysis: emphasize unconscious motives and


    internal conflicts
    The Evolution of a Science

    • Behaviorism
    • John Watson (1878-1958) & B. F. Skinner(1904-1990)
    • The mind cannot be observed
    • Behavior can be observed
    • Science should study the observable
    • Reinforcement
    • Stimulus-response
    The Evolution of a Science
    • Humanistic Psychology
    • Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

    • People have positive values, free will, and deep inner


    creativity, which in combination can allow to choose life’s
    fulfilling path to personal growth.

    • Individuals strive for self-actualization


    The Evolution of a Science
    • The Cognitive Revolution
    • (gave birth to Cognitive Psychology)
    • Focus on mental processes (information processing)
    • Cognitive neuroscience
    The Evolution of a Science
    • Evolutionary psychology
    • Lida Cosmides, John Tooby, David Buss, & Steven Pinker
    • Evolutionarily successful cognitive strategies and goals
    survived
    • Comparison of human and primate abilities
    What Psychologists Do
    Clinical psychology
    • Psychotherapy
    • Clinical neuropsychology
    • Psychological testing
    Counseling psychology
    • Helping people with everyday issues
    • Career counseling
    • Vocational testing
    Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist
    What Psychologists Do
    • Academic Psychologists
    • Teach classes
    • Conduct research
    • Main Types:
    • clinical
    • cognitive
    • developmental
    • social
    • physiological
    What Psychologists Do
    • Applied Psychologists
    • Solve problems in practical areas
    • Main Types:
    • developmental
    • human factors
    • industrial/organizational
    • personality
    • social
    • sport
    • school
    Descriptive Research
    • Naturalistic observation
    • Allows one to see patterns in the real world
    • Case studies
    • Focus on a single interesting case in detail
    • Surveys
    • A set of questions that people are asked about their beliefs,
    attitudes, preferences, or activities
    Correlational Research
    Studies that investigate the relationship between two or
    more measured variables

    Examples:
    • Age and health
    • Height and weight
    • Rain and erosion
    Ethics in Research

    Institutional Review Board (IRB)


    Research with people:
    Informed consent
    Avoid deception unless necessary
    Debriefing
    Research with animals:
    Avoid mistreatment
    Proper housing
    Ethics in Clinical Practice
    Proper training and supervision
    Maintain privacy
    APA code of conduct:
    • Beneficence and nonmaleficence
    • Fidelity and responsibility
    • Integrity
    • Justice
    • Respect for people’s rights and dignity
    Reference
    Kosslyn, S. M. & Rosenberg, R. S. (2011). Introduction to Psychology –
    brain, person, group (4th ed.). Stanford University. Allyn & Bacon.

    Baron, R. A., Byrne, D. & Branscombe, N. R. (2006). Social Psychology


    (11th ed.). Pearson Education.

    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154874

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