Earth Science PPT 5

EARTH
SCIENCE
LESSON 5
PRE- LESSON ACTIVITY
Study the picture and answer the questions
that follow
what are shown on the
picture?
What do you think are
the essential use of
mining?
What can be found in a
mining site?
IMPORTANCE OF
MINERALS
Minerals are our planet. They form the Earth and the
bedrock that we live on, making up all of Earth’s rocks
and sediments, and they are important components in
soils. So, they literally are the foundations for our
lives.
ECONOMIC VALUE
OF MINERALS
Minerals that are of economic value can be classified as

metallic or nonmetallic.
ECONOMIC VALUE
OF MINERALS
Metallic minerals are those from which valuable metals (e.g. iron,
copper) can be extracted for commercial use. Some important
metallic minerals are: hematite (a source of iron), bauxite (a source
of aluminum), sphalerite (a source of zinc) and galena (a source of
lead). Metallic minerals occasionally but rarely occur as a single
element (e.g. native gold or copper).
ECONOMIC VALUE
OF MINERALS
Nonmetallic minerals are valuable, not for the metals they contain,
but for their properties as chemical compounds. Because they are
commonly used in industry, they are also often referred to as
industrial minerals. They are classified according to their use.
Some industrial minerals are used as sources of important
chemicals (e.g. halite for sodium chloride and borax for borates).
ECONOMIC VALUE
OF MINERALS
Some are used for building materials (e.g. gypsum for plaster and
kaolin for bricks). Others are used for making fertilizers (e.g.
apatite for phosphate and sylvite for potassium). Still others are
used as abrasives (e.g. diamond and corrundum).
TOP 10 MINERALS
THAT HOLD THE
KEYS TO LIFE IN
THE 21st CENTURY
COPPER
COPPER is the most vital mineral to modern life, used

in everything from electrical wiring in households and
cars to the saucepans in our kitchens.
PLATINUM
PLATINUM serves a critical role in the circuit boards of medical

apparatus, electrical and household gadgets, including fiber optic cables
for telecommunication devices. The metal is also critical in keeping
people alive, serving a huge role in pacemakers to transmit electrical
impulses to stabilize heartbeats.
IRON ORE
IRON ORE is fundamental in creating railway tracks, which have long

been a central part of daily life. Not only do they connect families and
communities together, but they serve business by transporting products,
services and freight
needed to power the world.
SILVER
SILVER known for its rarity and value, silver has many uses in our
modern day lives. Traditionally, used for jewelry and silverware, the
precious metal is also resistant to corrosion and oxidation. Making it
extremely useful for other industries. In addition, silver is the best thermal
and electrical conductor of all the metals.
GOLD
GOLD is the clear breadwinner when it comes to value.

The precious metal, which is basically worshipped across
the global, is primarily used for luxury purposes such as
jewelry.
COBALT
COBALT is estimated to become the commodity of the future

as it is widely expected to be used in the company’s new
Powerwall innovation. This lustrous, silvery blue metal is
magnetic and is often alloyed with aluminum and nickel to
make powerful magnets.
BAUXITE
BAUXITE is formed from a laterite soil that has been severely

leached of silica and other soluble materials in a wet tropical or
subtropical climate. It is widely
used to make modern life work. It is primarily used to create
aluminum
LITHIUM
LITHIUM a soft silvery metal, the lowest density of all metals and is
often alloys with aluminum and magnesium to improve their strength,
including making them lighter. Used in everything from mobile phones,
laptops, digital cameras and electric vehicles. It is one of the most popular
metals used in today’smodern life.
ZINC
ZINC along with health reasons, zinc is vital for modern life because of
its resistance to corrosion. It is used to make many useful alloys including
lead, tin, brass and copper. Metallic zinc is also used to make dry cell
batteries, roof cladding and die castings.
POTASH
POTASH plays a central role in helping feed the ever-growing

population. About 95% of the world’s potash production is used as
fertilizers, with the remaining amount used for various chemicals.
Derived from “pot ash”, which refers to plant ashes soaked in water in a
pot.
MINING
Mining is a process of extracting useful minerals from the surface of the
Earth, including the seas. It can be a surface mining or an underground
mining.
SURFACE MINING allows extraction of ores that are close to Earth’s

surface while
Underground Mining is used to recover ores that are deeper into Earth’s
surface.
SURFACE MINING
OPEN-PIT MINING- is the most common method used throughout the
world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or
tunnels. This surface mining technique is used when mineral or ore deposits
are found relatively close to the surface of the earth. Open-pits are
sometimes called ‘quarries’ when they produce building materials and
dimension stone.
SURFACE MINING
STRIP MINING - removal of the materials or deposits
along a strip or contour.
SURFACE MINING
PLACER MINING - ancient method of using water to
excavate, transport, concentrate, and recover heavy
minerals from alluvial or placer deposits
SURFACE MINING
DREDGING- underwater excavation of a placer deposit
by floating equipment. Dredging systems are classified as
mechanical or hydraulic, depending on the method of
material transport.
UNDERGROUND
MINING
HEAP LEACHING - the addition of chemicals such as
cyanide or acid to remove
ore
UNDERGROUND
MINING
FLOTATION - the addition of a compound that attached
to the valuable minerals
and floats.
UNDERGROUND
MINING
SMELTING - roasting rocks, causing it to segregate into
layers so the minerals
can be extracted.
ASSIGNMENT
What are the positive and negative

effects of mining?

Earth Science PPT 5

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Earth Science PPT 5

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EARTH

Minerals that are of economic value can be classified as

COPPER is the most vital mineral to modern life, used

PLATINUM serves a critical role in the circuit boards of medical

IRON ORE is fundamental in creating railway tracks, which have long

GOLD is the clear breadwinner when it comes to value.

COBALT is estimated to become the commodity of the future

BAUXITE is formed from a laterite soil that has been severely

POTASH plays a central role in helping feed the ever-growing

SURFACE MINING allows extraction of ores that are close to Earth’s

What are the positive and negative

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