Probability, Lec 2
Probability, Lec 2
Probability, Lec 2
5- De Morgan's laws:
(b)
P(A B) P(A B) 1 P(A B)
Example (11): The probability that a student passes
mathematics is 2/3, and the probability that he passes English
is 4/9. If the probability of passing both courses is 1/4, what is
the probability that the student will pass at least one of these
courses?
Solution: Let, M is the event "passing mathematics," and
E the event that "passing English", then
Solution: S = { (i , j ) : i , j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } , and
n(S) = 36 .
Let A be the event that 7 occurs and
B the event that 11 comes up.
Now
A = { (1,6),(2,5),(3,4) , (4,3) , (5,2) , (6,1) } ,
B = { (5,6) , (6,5) } ,
n(A) = 6 ,
n (A) 6 1
P( A )
n (S) 36 6
so n(B) = 2 , so
n (B) 2 1
P(B)
n (S) 36 18
312 8
5 3 5 15
Basic Theorems:
If A & B are two events from S for a random experiment then:
.
• The probability of non of them to happen together is
.
• The probability of A not occurring is
.
• The probability of only A to happen is