L 1.2 Physical Chemical Properties of Matter
L 1.2 Physical Chemical Properties of Matter
L 1.2 Physical Chemical Properties of Matter
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Physical Properties
• A property of matter that can be observed or measured
without changing the identity of the matter.
• Physical properties identify matter.
Examples include:
•Color
•Malleability
•Hardness
•Ductility
•Luster
•Solubility
•Phase of matter
•Conductivity
•Melting and boiling point
•Density
Physical Property
• Color
• How the object absorbs and reflects light
• We can classify the objects based on their color.
• Water and alcohol are transparent, but gold and silver have
color. Sulfur is yellow.
Physical Property
• Malleability
• The ability to be pounded into thin sheets.
• Example:
• Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into
sheets to make foil.
Physical Property
• Hardness
• Hardness describes an object’s resistance
to being scratched or dented. We can
compare the hardness of an object by
rubbing it against another object.
Physical Property
• Ductility
• The ability to be drawn or pulled into a
wire
• Example:
Copper in wiring – soldering wires or joints
Physical Property
• Luster
• The way that a substance
reflects light (metallic, non-
metallic, glassy, pearly, dull).
Physical Property
• Solubility
• The ability to
dissolve in another
substance.
• Example:
• Sugar or salt
dissolve in water
• Three ways to
increase solubility
• Heat or make
warmer
• Grind or smash
• Stir or mix
Physical Property
• State of Matter
• The physical form in which a
substance exists at room
temperature, such as:
• Solid – matter has a definite shape and
volume
• Liquid – matter takes the shape of its
container and has a definite volume
• Gas – matter changes in both shape and
volume
Physical Property
• Conductivity
• Conductivity refers to how easily a
substance conducts electricity or
how well it can transmit heat.
• Examples of good conductors of heat:
silver, copper, aluminum, brass, iron,
lead, stainless steel etc.
• Examples of bad conductors of heat: air,
water, cork, glass, styrofoam etc.
Physical Property
• Melting Point
• The temperature at which a
substance starts melting. At this
point in temperature, a solid turns
into a liquid. The melting point of
pure water ice is 32°F (0°C).
Physical Property
• Boiling Point
• The temperature at which a
substance starts boiling. At this
point in temperature, a liquid turns
into a gas. Water boils at 100 °C (212
°F), so we can say that the boiling
point of water is 100 °C (212 °F).
Physical Property
• Density
• It expresses a relationship of mass
to volume.
• Density equals mass divided by volume.
•D = m / v
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical Properties
Examples:
• iron reacts with oxygen and forms
iron oxide, which we call rust
• copper reacts with oxygen and turns
into copper oxide which has a green
color
• Flammability:
• Size
• Volume
*One illustration of
• Length extensive property is
• Mass the mass of a table
salt. As you put more
• Weight
salt into a container,
the mass of the salt
also changes.