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    The First Civilization

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    May Khin Nyein
    The first civilization began in ancient Sumer in southern Mesopotamia around 3300 BC. As villages grew into cities due to advances in agriculture, Sumerian society and culture became more complex, leading to the emergence of civilization. Key traits of Sumerian civilization included advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions like government and religion, record keeping, and advanced technologies like irrigation systems and bronze tools. Priests initially led Sumerian city-states but kings became leaders when defense became a higher priority.

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    The First Civilization

    Uploaded by

    May Khin Nyein
    36 views31 pages
    The first civilization began in ancient Sumer in southern Mesopotamia around 3300 BC. As villages grew into cities due to advances in agriculture, Sumerian society and culture became more complex, leading to the emergence of civilization. Key traits of Sumerian civilization included advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions like government and religion, record keeping, and advanced technologies like irrigation systems and bronze tools. Priests initially led Sumerian city-states but kings became leaders when defense became a higher priority.

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    The First Civilization (1)

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    The first civilization began in ancient Sumer in southern Mesopotamia around 3300 BC. As villages grew into cities due to advances in agriculture, Sumerian society and culture became more complex, leading to the emergence of civilization. Key traits of Sumerian civilization included advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions like government and religion, record keeping, and advanced technologies like irrigation systems and bronze tools. Priests initially led Sumerian city-states but kings became leaders when defense became a higher priority.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    36 views31 pages

    The First Civilization

    Uploaded by

    May Khin Nyein
    The first civilization began in ancient Sumer in southern Mesopotamia around 3300 BC. As villages grew into cities due to advances in agriculture, Sumerian society and culture became more complex, leading to the emergence of civilization. Key traits of Sumerian civilization included advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions like government and religion, record keeping, and advanced technologies like irrigation systems and bronze tools. Priests initially led Sumerian city-states but kings became leaders when defense became a higher priority.

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    of 31

    THE FIRST

    CIVILIZATION
    J U N J U N A M PA R O , P H D
    CIVILIZATION
    In your own opinion, what is civilization? What do you
    imagine about civilization?
    MAIN IDEA
    Because of food surpluses, new technology, and
    advanced social organization led to a complex way of
    life. It is called civilization.
    MAIN IDEAS
    • A new type of government developed
    in Sumer that included a city and its
    surrounding lands.
    • Religion dominated life in Sumer, but in
    time, powerful men who were not
    priests became the political rulers.
    TRIVIA QUESTION
    Do you know the exact location or which
    country of Sumer today?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHpmLrWBjnM
    LOCATION OF SUMER
    THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION
    • The rise of agriculture allowed people to settle in villages
    As villages grew into cities, society and culture grew more
    complex.
    This changes led to civilization—advanced form of culture.
    • Most historians think civilization first began in Sumer, 3300 B.C.
    Sumer—a region in southern Mesopotamia.
    FIVE TRAITS OF CIVILIZATION
    1. Advanced Cities—offered many
    advantages
    - place to store, trade surplus grain;
    later, many jobs, large temples
    FIVE TRAITS OF CIVILIZATION
    2. Specialized Workers—people do jobs requiring special skills
    - specialization and developing skills improves quality of work
    - city people must cooperate on projects and organize their society
    - in early Sumerian cities, priests organized society, acted as judges
    TRAITS OF CIVILIZATION
    3. Complex Institutions—religion,
    government became institutions
    - groups of people who share a purpose,
    help society meet its needs
    - institutions also include schools, armies
    TRAITS OF CIVILIZATION
    4. Record Keeping—societies must keep
    records of things such as food
    - usually written, but early Mesopotamians
    used counting sticks
    - later Mesopotamians invented world's first
    system of writing
    TRAITS OF CIVILIZATION
    5. Advanced Technology—people learn better
    ways of doing things
    - Sumerians used canals to irrigate crops
    - created new tools, used new materials
    - made tools from bronze—a mixture of copper
    and tin
    - replaced softer copper metal
    TRAITS OF CIVILIZATION
    BRAINSTORMING ACTIVITY
    Of all the traits of civilization,
    which do you think is the most
    important? Explain why and
    support your answer.
    CITY-STATES OF SUMER
    • Cities were centers of society, but most people
    lived in country
    - cities began to rule surrounding lands, villages
    • City-state—self-ruled community including city
    and nearby farmlands
    • By 3000 B.C., Sumer had at least 12 city-states
    - most, like Ur, were on fertile land by mouths of
    Tigris, Euphrates
    LIFE IN THE CITY
    • Slow-growing Sumerian cities had narrow,

    winding streets
    • Walls surrounded cities; gates let people
    come and go
    • Homes had thick mud walls to keep out
    heat, tunnels to get fresh air
    - rooms surrounded covered courtyard that
    was cooking area
    THE ZIGGURAT: CITY CENTER
    In Sumerian city, largest, most important
    building was the temple - ziggurats—
    Sumerian temples first built around 2200
    B.C.
    • Priests ran irrigation, so ziggurat was
    center of city life
    - priests were paid with grain, so they
    controlled, stored surplus
    - priests ended up controlling much
    of city-statesʼ wealth
    SUMERIAN RELIGION
    • Sumerian religion based on
    polytheism—belief in many gods,
    goddesses - gods of sky, wind, foothills,
    fresh water created and ruled world
    • Each city-state worshiped own god
    - Sumerians had thousands of lesser gods
    • Believed gods looked and acted
    like people
    REFLECTION
    In your opinion, why do you think Sumerian
    is practicing polytheism? What are the
    reasons why they have so many gods and
    goddesses?
    • Cite your references and include a self-
    reflection on why God is reminding us not to
    worship any other gods and goddesses except
    Him (Exodus chapter 20).
    PRIESTS BECOME LEADERS
    • Sumerians thought gods protected against flood, drought, invasion
    • Priests worked to please gods in order to protect cities
    - priests claimed that they had influence with gods
    - people believed claim and accepted priest as the citiesʼ leaders
    SERVICE TO THE GODS
    • Saw gods as rich landowners who created humans to work for them
    • People followed religious rules, prayed, made offerings to gods
    - all participated in rituals, many of which were held at ziggurat
    • Believed souls of dead went to land of no return—gloomy
    underworld
    - Scholars think hard life made Sumerians expect unhappy afterlife
    Do you think this is a

    NEW LEADERS IN SUMER


    fair criteria to choose
    a leader or ruler in
    city? Why?
    • By 3000 B.C., rich city-states were attacked by other regions, cities
    • In times of war, people asked powerful men to rule,
    protect cities
    - later they ran city-states full-time, took some of priests' jobs
    • This type of ruler became a king—the highest-ranked leader
    of group
    • By 2375 B.C., Sumer was a kingdom ruled by a single king
    • Priests still tried to please gods—people thought gods let kings rule
    LESSON SUMMARY
    • Sumer had a complex society and culture.
    Historians consider it the first civilization.
    • Sumerian city-states were a form of
    government that included cities and the land
    around them.
    • Priests were the first leaders in Sumer, but
    kings became leaders when the need for
    defense grew.
    REFLECTION
    Cities first became important in Sumer.
    People today still move to cities to find
    jobs, education, and culture.
    Do you think this is a good strategy?
    A CLASS SOCIETY:
    ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
    The Priests
    The Upper Class
    The Lower Class
    The Slaves
    THE PRIESTS
    • Priests were very powerful and
    important. They told people how to
    behave to keep the gods happy.
    • Priests in Sumer (and in Babylon)
    were also the local doctors. If you got
    sick, you sent for a priest. The priests
    shaved their heads so that everyone
    knew they were priests.
    THE UPPER CLASS
    • Both men and women wore jewelry. Men
    wore long hair and long beards and wore a skirt
    type garment.
    • Women wore long dresses with one shoulder
    bare. In the colder months they all wore cloaks
    made from wool to keep warm.
    THE LOWER CLASS
    • The working class wore the same
    type garments as the rich only theirs
    were not of the same materials.
    • They too wore jewelry although
    theirs was not made of gold or
    precious stones.
    THE SLAVES
    • Sumerians did keep slaves. When they
    defeated another town or tribe in battle
    they would bring back the prisoners as
    slaves.
    • The king and the priests kept most slaves,
    but wealthy Sumerians could buy slaves to
    work for them.
    SUMERIANS AND THEIR
    CIVILIZATION EXPLAINED
    How do they come up with concept of
    democracy? How does single ruler or
    King started?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDJa2sLNYZs

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