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    Phonology and Ipa Dos

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    Gerson Cisneros
    This document provides an introduction to phonology and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It discusses what phonology is, the organs used in speech production, concepts like voicing and aspiration, and the need for a phonetic notation system like IPA. It then outlines the IPA symbols for consonants and vowels in English, including charts showing vowel height, length, and diphthongs. The document encourages the reader to practice phonetic transcription in the exercises at the end.

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    Phonology and Ipa Dos

    Uploaded by

    Gerson Cisneros
    18 views15 pages
    This document provides an introduction to phonology and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It discusses what phonology is, the organs used in speech production, concepts like voicing and aspiration, and the need for a phonetic notation system like IPA. It then outlines the IPA symbols for consonants and vowels in English, including charts showing vowel height, length, and diphthongs. The document encourages the reader to practice phonetic transcription in the exercises at the end.

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    PHONOLOGY AND IPA DOS

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    This document provides an introduction to phonology and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It discusses what phonology is, the organs used in speech production, concepts like voicing and aspiration, and the need for a phonetic notation system like IPA. It then outlines the IPA symbols for consonants and vowels in English, including charts showing vowel height, length, and diphthongs. The document encourages the reader to practice phonetic transcription in the exercises at the end.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views15 pages

    Phonology and Ipa Dos

    Uploaded by

    Gerson Cisneros
    This document provides an introduction to phonology and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It discusses what phonology is, the organs used in speech production, concepts like voicing and aspiration, and the need for a phonetic notation system like IPA. It then outlines the IPA symbols for consonants and vowels in English, including charts showing vowel height, length, and diphthongs. The document encourages the reader to practice phonetic transcription in the exercises at the end.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    PHONOLOGY AND IPA

    Teacher’s Training
    Course
    INTRODUCTION
    What is Phonology?
    It is the study of
    pronunciation, in the “what”
    and “how” we make sounds.
    English phonology is the
    study of the phonology of the
    English language.
     Although there are many dialects
    of English, the following are
    usually used as standard accents:
     Received pronunciation for the
    UK.
     General American for the U.S.

     General Australian for Australia.


    INTRODUCTION
    Organs Used in the
    Production of Speech.
    The apparatus are the
    organs which are used for
    speech, from the
    diagphram and lungs,
    and into the mouth to the
    outside of the body.
    In making sounds, we can
    concentrate on the region
    of the head and neck.
    INTRODUCTION
    Voicing. It is the actual
    vibration of the vocal cords.
    Consonants can be classified
    into two categories: voiced
    and unvoiced (voiceless).
     Letters p, t, k, s and f are
    unvoiced because the vocal
    cords do not vibrate when
    articulating the sounds.
     Letters b, d, g, z and v do

    vibrate the vocal cords, so they


    are voiced.
     e.g. pair-bare; tail-dale; kiddy-
    giddy; sue-zoo; few-view.
    INTRODUCTION
    Aspirating. It occurs
    when there is an audible
    exhalation of breath.
     e.g. pine has an aspirated
    p, and spine is
    unaspirated.
     Compare pill, till, kill with
    spill, still and skill.
    INTRODUCTION
    Representation. English
    letters cannot be used
    effectively to represent
    the same sounds.
     e.g. letters “ough” have a
    different sound in rough,
    ought and though; letter “c”
    has a different sound in
    caught and precious.
     How to transcribe a sound

    which is unambiguous and


    yet accurate?
     IPA!
    I.P.A.
     Introduction.
     It is a system of phonetic notation
    based on the Latin alphabet, devised
    by the International Phonetic
    Association as a standardized
    representation of the sounds of
    spoken language.
     Formed by a group of French and
    British language teachers led by the
    French linguist Paul Passy in 1886.
     As of 2008, there are 107 distinct
    letters. However, they are
    occasionally removed, moved or
    modified by the IPA.
    I.P.A.
    The number of speech
    sounds in English varies from
    dialect to dialect. According
    to the Longman
    Pronunciation Dictionary,
    there are:
     24 consonants and 23 vowels
    used in Received Pronunciation,
    plus two additional consonants
    and fours additional vowels
    used in foreign words only.
     25 consonants and 19 vowels for

    General American, with one


    additional consonant and three
    additional vowels.
    I.P.A.
    CONSONANTS

    /p/ pit /b/ bit


    /t/ tin /d/ din
    /k/ cut /ɡ/ gut
    /tʃ/ cheap /dʒ/ jeep
    /f/ fat /v/ vat
    /θ/ thin /ð/ then
    /s/ sap /z/ zap
    /ʃ/ she /ʒ/ measure
    /x/ loch
    /w/ we /m/ map
    /l/ left /n/ nap
    run (also /r/,
    /ɹ/ /j/ yes
    /ɻ/)
    /h/ ham /ŋ/ bang
    I.P.A.
    VOWELS

    English diphthongs
    American
    RP Australian
    GA Canadian
    low /əʊ/ /əʉ/ /oʊ/
    loud /aʊ/
    /aʊ/ /æɔ/ /aʊ/
    lout [əʊ]1
    lied /aɪ/
    /aɪ/ /ɑe/ /aɪ/
    light [əɪ]1
    lane /eɪ/ /æɪ/ /eɪ/
    loin /ɔɪ/ /oɪ/ /ɔɪ/
    leer /ɪə/ /ɪə/ /ɪɚ/³
    lair /ɛə/² /eː/ ² /ɛɚ/³
    lure /ʊə/² /ʊə/ /ʊɚ/³
    IPA examples

    ʌ cup, luck
    ɑ: arm, father
    æ cat, black
    e met, bed
    ə away, cinema
    ɜ:ʳ turn, learn
    ɪ hit, sitting
    i: see, heat
    ɒ hot, rock
    ɔ: call, four
    ʊ put, could
    u: blue, food
    aɪ five, eye
    aʊ now, out
    eɪ say, eight
    oʊ go, home
    ɔɪ boy, join
    eəʳ where, air
    ɪəʳ near, here
    ʊəʳ pure, tourist
    IPA examples
    b bad, lab
    d did, lady
    f find, if
    g give, flag
    h how, hello
    j yes, yellow
    k cat, back
    l leg, little
    m man, lemon
    n no, ten
    ŋ sing, finger
    p pet, map
    r red, try
    s sun, miss
    ʃ she, crash
    t tea, getting
    tʃ check, churc
    h
    θ think, both
    ð this, mother
    v voice, five
    w wet, window
    z zoo, lazy
    ʒ pleasure,
    vision
    dʒ just, large
    I.P.A.
    VOWELS

    General American full vowels,


    vowel height distinctive
    i u
    ɪ ʊ
    e o
    ɚ, ə
    ɛ ɔ
    æ ɑ

    General American full vowels,


    vowel length distinctive
    iː uː
    i u
    eː ɹ̩ ː oː
    e ʌ o
    a aː
    I.P.A.

    GO TO THE EXERCISES AT THE END


    BIBLIOGRAPHY
     Internet Resources.
    A Layman’s Guide to Phonology and IPA.
     http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/sapienti/phon/ipasymb.h
    tm#IPA
    English Phonology from Wikipedia.
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

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