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    Constellations

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    Joanalyn De Guzman
    Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns in the sky, with 88 recognized by astronomers. The zodiac contains 12 constellations along the ecliptic plane of the Earth's orbit. Circumpolar constellations like Ursa Major can be seen all year. Orion is one of the most famous winter constellations containing Betelgeuse and Rigel. Stars come in different types based on size, temperature, and lifespan, from red giants and supergiants to white and brown dwarfs. The color and twinkling of stars depends on their surface temperature and Earth's atmosphere.

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    Constellations

    Uploaded by

    Joanalyn De Guzman
    50 views48 pages
    Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns in the sky, with 88 recognized by astronomers. The zodiac contains 12 constellations along the ecliptic plane of the Earth's orbit. Circumpolar constellations like Ursa Major can be seen all year. Orion is one of the most famous winter constellations containing Betelgeuse and Rigel. Stars come in different types based on size, temperature, and lifespan, from red giants and supergiants to white and brown dwarfs. The color and twinkling of stars depends on their surface temperature and Earth's atmosphere.

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    Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns in the sky, with 88 recognized by astronomers. The zodiac contains 12 constellations along the ecliptic plane of the Earth's orbit. Circumpolar constellations like Ursa Major can be seen all year. Orion is one of the most famous winter constellations containing Betelgeuse and Rigel. Stars come in different types based on size, temperature, and lifespan, from red giants and supergiants to white and brown dwarfs. The color and twinkling of stars depends on their surface temperature and Earth's atmosphere.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    50 views48 pages

    Constellations

    Uploaded by

    Joanalyn De Guzman
    Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns in the sky, with 88 recognized by astronomers. The zodiac contains 12 constellations along the ecliptic plane of the Earth's orbit. Circumpolar constellations like Ursa Major can be seen all year. Orion is one of the most famous winter constellations containing Betelgeuse and Rigel. Stars come in different types based on size, temperature, and lifespan, from red giants and supergiants to white and brown dwarfs. The color and twinkling of stars depends on their surface temperature and Earth's atmosphere.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 48

    Constellations & Stars

    I. Constellations
    • Group of stars that
    appear to form a
    pattern in the sky.

    • 88 recognized by
    International
    Astronomy Union
    A. Zodiac
    • Band of 12 constellations along
    the ecliptic.
    B. Ecliptic
    • the plane of the Earth’s orbit
    around the sun

    • The apparent path that the sun


    (and planets) appear to move
    along against the star background.
    Aries: the Ram
    There is some reason to believe that
    the Greeks just took over a much
    older horned animal at this time of
    the year; the horn being a symbol for
    fecundity, renewal, and so on. As the
    Sun came into this constellation, at
    the vernal equinox, the year itself
    was being renewed.
    Aquarius: The Water Bearer

    In Greek mythology
    Aquarius was
    Ganymede, "cup-
    bearer to the gods".
    Cancer: The Crab
    The name comes from the
    Latin; cancer means crab. The
    crab in question is the one sent
    by Hydra to attack Heracles.
    Gemini: The Twins
    Gemini, the Twins, are really only
    half-brothers. They share the same
    mother (Leda) but have different
    fathers. CASTOR- Tyndareus
    POLLUX- Zeus
    Leo: The Lion
    The first on the list of Heracles' labors was the task
    of killing the Nemean Lion, a giant beast that
    roamed the hills and the streets of the
    Peloponnesian villages, devouring whomever it
    met. The animal's skin was impervious to iron,
    bronze, and stone. Heracles' arrows harmlessly
    bounced off the lion; his sword bent in two; his
    wooden club smashed to pieces. So Heracles
    wrestled with the beast, finally choking it to death.
    He then wrapped the lion's pelt about him; it would
    protect him from the next labor: killing the
    poisonous Hydra.
    Libra: The Scales
    so named because when the zodiac was still
    in its infancy, some four thousand years
    ago, the sun passed through this
    constellation at the autumnal equinox (21
    September). At the two equinoxes (Spring
    and Autumn) the hours of daylight and
    darkness are equal. As a symbol for
    equality, the constellation came to represent
    Justice in several middle Eastern cultures.
    Pisces: The Fish

    Pisces is an ancient
    constellation derived, some
    say, from the story of the
    terrible Greek god Typhon.
    Sagittarius

    It was the Romans who


    named the constellation
    Sagittarius ("sagitta" is
    Latin for `arrow')
    Scorpius: The Scorpion
    As mentioned regarding Orion,
    Gaia may have sent the
    scorpion to kill the mighty
    hunter, as he had vowed to rid
    the earth of all wild animals.
    Taurus: The Bull
    The horn was a symbol of fertility and
    bountiful riches in many cultures for
    thousands of years, and it is probably
    the case here, for the constellation
    would have announced the Vernal
    Equinox at around 4000 BC.
    Virgo: The Virgin
    Virgo is the second largest constellation (after
    Hydra). As a member of the Zodiac, Virgo has a
    number of ancient myths and tales. The Sun passes
    through Virgo in mid-September, and is therefore
    the constellation that announces the harvest. Virgo
    is often represented as a "maiden" (as its name
    indicates). In antiquity, she may have been Isis, the
    Egyptian protectress of the living and the dead and
    the principal mother goddess.
    C. Circumpolar Constellations
    • Can be seen all year long

    • Never fully set below the horizon

    • Appear to move counter clockwise


    around Polaris

    • Caused by Earth’s Rotation


    STAR TRAIL of POLARIS
    22
    23
    D. Ursa Major

    • Best known constellation


    • Common name is Big Dipper
    • Pointer stars- front 2 stars of the Big
    Dipper which point to Polaris (North
    Star)
    Ursa Minor
    • The true figure represented by the stars is
    the Little Bear.
    • There are several mythological stories
    behind these famous constellations. In
    Greek myth, Zeus was having an affair
    with the lovely Callisto. When his wife,
    Hera, found out she changed Callisto
    into a bear. Zeus put the bear in the sky
    along with the Little Bear, which is
    Callisto's son, Arcas.
    26
    Draco
    • Draco the dragon, is only present in the Northern
    Hemisphere, so those living in the Southern
    Hemisphere will never see this long constellation.
    • The easiest way to spot Draco is by finding his
    head. It consists of four stars in a trapezoid,
    burning brightly just north of Hercules. From
    there, the tail slithers through the sky, eventually
    ending between the Big and Little Dippers. It can
    be difficult to trace Draco in the night sky..
    IV. Most Famous Winter Contellation
    • Orion Contains:
    1. Betelgeuse (Bet el jooz)
    a bright red super giant
    star found forming
    Orion’s right shoulder
    2. Rigel – a blue super
    giant: 7th brightest star
    in the nighttime sky
    3 Stars of Orion’s Belt
    • Can be used to find 2 other
    constellations & a star
    cluster
    1. Canis Major- (Big Dog)
    follow the line made by
    the 3 stars of Orion’s belt
    down to the left
    –Sirius- the brightest star in the
    nighttime sky is found in Canis Major
    2. Taurus (the Bull)
    • Follow the line made by Orion’s belt up
    & to the right
    • Aldebaran- Red star that is the eye of
    the bull is the 13th brightest in the
    nighttime sky
    III. Summer Constellations
    • 1st 3 bright stars that rise form the
    Summer Triangle

    1. Vega- in Lyra the Harp


    2. Altair- in Aquilla the Eagle
    3. Deneb – in Cygnus the Swan
    (Northern Cross)
    3. Pleiades Star Cluster (7 sisters)
    • Follow the line made by Orion’s belt
    up to the right, go through Taurus to
    a clump of stars to the right.
    • Called Subaru in Japan – means
    “Unite”
    V. Kinds of Stars

    A. Red Giant - large red star


    at least 10x diameter of
    the sun
    • Old Stars
    • Ex. Aldebaran
    • The sun will swell into
    a Red Giant when it is
    old
    B. Super Giant
    • Largest of all stars 100x more luminous
    • Explode as a Super Nova
    • Can form Black Holes
    • Ex. Betelgeuse, Rigel, Polaris
    C. Dwarf Stars 
    1. Less luminous
    2. Tightly packed nuclei
    3. Remains of a red giant that ran out of fuel
    4. 1 cup full of star =20 tons or 5 elephants. 
    5. Most are red/orange/yellow
    6. White dwarf is the exception to the color
    7. Sun is a yellow dwarf
    Twinkle Twinkle Little Star

    "Twinkling Stars" are due


    to Earth's atmosphere
    E. Light year
    • The distance light has traveled in a
    year

    • 9.5 x 1012 Km/yr

    • Speed of light 300,000 Km /sec


    B. Color of star depends on surface temp.
    1. Blue - hottest stars
    Ex. Rigel in Orion; Vega in Lyra;
    Sirius in Canis Major

    2. Yellow - medium stars ex. Sun

    3. Red - coolest stars


    Ex. Betelgeuse in Orion, Antares the
    heart of Scorpio, Aldebaran in
    Taurus
    D. The Sun
    • is an average star

    • yellow in color

    • 300,000 x the
    mass of Earth

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