Endocrine System For Dental Student
Endocrine System For Dental Student
Endocrine System For Dental Student
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
HOMEOSTASIS
keeping the parameters of the body
in a steady, same state.
Dr. Yaser Ashour
The endocrine system consists of glands,
which secrete hormones directly into blood
stream.
Major Endocrine Glands
• Hypothalamus • Adrenal medulla
• Anterior pituitary • Adrenal cortex
• Posterior pituitary • Pancreas
• Pineal • Ovaries
• Thyroid • Testes
• Parathyroids • Placenta
-Bind to cell
membrane
receptor.
-series of
reactions that
alter cell
activity.
Bl normal
glu
Lower limit
Reituclar
Thalamus Limbic
activating Optical
substance system system
pain Emotion, fright,
Sleep/ rage, smell vision
wake
of
output—urine volume)
reproduction, lactation)
Hypothalamus
Anterior
pituitary
posterior hormones
pituitary
hormones
Exophthalmos
Symptoms: due to
High energy, weight hyperthyroidism
loss, hunger,
very alert and unable
to sleep.
Exophthalmos
Kidney:
• More than 95% of the filtered calcium load is
reabsorbed via a number of active and passive
transport mechanisms.
• PTH: inhibits reabsorption of calcium in the
proximal tubule & stimulate reabsorption in the
distal nephron → there is overall effect of
increased reabsorption and increased plasma
calcium concentration.
• PTH inhibit phosphate reabsorption by the
proximal convoluted tubules → this lead to:-
Dr. Yaser Ashour
∀ ↑ Phosphate excretion in urine.
∀ ↓ Phosphate level in plasma.
∀ ↑ Calcium level in plasma to maintain the
solubility product constant i.e. Ca++ X PO-- =
constant.
• PTH activates renal 1-hydroxylase which
converts 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to active 1,
25 dihydroxycholecalciferol.
• PTH increase Mg++ and H+ reabsorption by
renal tubules.
Blood
calciu
m
cell
A
Blood
glucose
B
Continuous Blood
Glucose monitoring .
Insulin
Pump
automa
t-ically
injects
insulin
into
Dr. Yaser Ashour
the
DIABETES
TECHNOLOGIES
• Recombinant DNA technology:
Human insulin gene transfered
into bacteria?
http://www.angelfire.com/dc/apgenetics/rec.dna.plasmid.gif
• Tyrosine derivatives
bound together.
• Contain 4 iodine
atoms (T4).
• Contain 3 iodine
atoms (T3).
• Small, non-polar
molecules.
– Soluble in plasma
membranes.
• Permissive effects:
– Hormone enhances the responsiveness of
a target organ to second hormone.
– Increases the activity of a second
hormone.
• Prior exposure of uterus to estrogen induces
formation of receptors for progesterone.