Expanded Definitions

EXPANDED
DEFINITIONS
Quarter 4 Week 4
Most Essential Learning Competency
• Give expanded definitions of words.
Enabling competencies
• Analyze how definitions are developed
• Identify the techniques used in expanding definitions
• Use the different techniques in expanding definitions
Activity 2: What Makes a Good Friend
Directions: Fill in
the semantic web
with your ideas on
“What makes/
unmakes a good
friend?” Use the
given template for
webbing.
Then, write an
expanded definition
of Friend based on
the given ideas.
Read the paragraph below. Observe how a
definition is developed by taking note of the
numbered statements.
Expanded Definition
In conducting research and writing the paper, you

must define the variables or concepts that you want to
study. If your audience or reader is not an expert in a
certain field, you will need an expanded definition. An
expanded definition explains a complex phrase to make
it easier to comprehend, which is essential for learning
new concepts or theories.
Formal vs Informal Definition
A formal definition consists of three parts: the term

being defined, the class it belongs to, and its
distinguishing characteristics. An informal definition
explains an unfamiliar term using synonyms or
antonyms introduced by or, in other words, or like.
Take note of how the term sense of humor was defined.
• An Algorithm is a finite description of
a finite number of steps required to
accomplish some well-defined task.
• A computer memory is one of the

basic components of a computer which
stores information for future use.
Example of Formal & Informal Definitions
Many prisoners of war have been victims of cruel and unusual
punishment; people were shocked and horrified when they learned
of the water torture, temperature extremes, and sensory overloads
that the prisoners were subjected to.
Informal definition
The Cornell University Law School website defines cruel and

unusual punishment (noun) as "punishment that is extremely
excessive in relation to the crime, shocking to ordinary
sensibilities, or equivalent to torture."
Formal definition
Techniques in Expanding Definitions
Description
 How to do it
listing and defining the component parts; identifying smaller, more familiar pieces
of an idea to the definition of the bigger concept; using a word that creates a
picture in the reader’s mind so that the reader might relate through memory of
sound, sight, touch, hearing, or smell
 Example
Journalism is the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related
commentary and feature materials through such print and electronic media as
newspapers, magazines, books, blogs, webcasts, podcasts, social networking and social
media sites, and e-mail as well as through radio, motion pictures, and television.
Etymology
 How to do it
sharing a word’s origin
 Example
Journalism comes from the word 'journal'. 'Journal'
evolved from a late Latin word called 'diurnalis'
meaning belonging to a day.
Historical References or Background
 How to do it
if relevant, discussing the history of the term/ its
use/controversies associated with it
 Example
The earliest known journalistic product was a news sheet circulated in
ancient Rome: the Acta Diurna, said to date from before 59 BCE. The
Acta Diurna recorded important daily events such as public speeches. It
was published daily and hung in prominent places.
Cause and Effect
 How to do it
discussing how the situation came about
and what effects it may have
 Example
With the advent of radio, television, and the Internet in
the 20th century the use of the term journalism
broadened to include all printed and electronic
communication dealing with current affairs.
Principles of Operation
 How to do it
- discussing how topic in question functions, including any special materials or
conditions required
 Example
There were four important factors in journalism: (1) the increasing
organization of working journalists, (2) specialized education for journalism,
(3) a growing literature dealing with the history, problems, and techniques of
mass communication, and (4) an increasing sense of social responsibility on the
part of journalists.
Classification
 How to do it
- showing how the topic fits into a larger category
 Example
Journalism is the fourth estate that serves as the
watchdog of the executive, the judiciary, and the
legislative body of a state.
Contrast/Negation
 How to do it
- defining a term by explaining what the concept is not; showing
how the topic differs from others in the same class
 Example
Sensationalism over facts is not a legitimate process in
journalism.
Comparison
 How to do it
- showing how the topic is similar to others in class
 Example
Yellow journalism may include exaggerations of news events,
scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. In legitimate journalism,
sense of social responsibility has made notable growth as a result of
specialized education and widespread discussion of press
responsibilities in books and periodicals and at the meetings of the
associations.
Analogy
 How to do it
- explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics, where the
second is familiar to the audience
 Example
Journalists are watchdogs that stand guard over the shaping of
news, and at other times calls for a
gentler nurturing role.
Examples or Anecdotes
 How to do it
- telling a story or example that illustrates the term
 Example
Thomas Paine is rumored to have said long ago that journalism
helps us "see with other eyes, hear with other ears, and think with
other thoughts than those we formerly used." In thinking about
journalism, we might do well to heed his advice.
Illustrations
 How to do it
- providing a picture or image that is used to clarify a text
 Example
What Can I Do
Identify the technique of expanding definition used for each item.
1.Gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the
same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society,
including economic participation and decision-making, and
when the different behaviors, aspirations and needs of women
and men are equally valued and favored.
a. description c. cause and effect
b. principle of operation d. history
What Can I Do
2. Gender equality does not mean that women and

men will become the same.
a. contrast/negation
b. principle of operation
c. analogy
d. history
What Can I Do
3. Gender equality means that all genders are free to pursue
whatever career, lifestyle choice, and abilities they want
without discrimination.
a. description
b. contrast/negation
c. classification
d. examples/anecdotes
What Can I Do
4. Gender equality is like how plants in a garden grow. They
all need to be nourished and allowed to grow until they can
fully assume their equally significant roles in the ecosystem.
a. description
b. comparison
c. analogy
d. principle of operation
What Can I Do
5. Gender equality is one of the critical issues that

have to be liberally addressed in the 21st century.
a. description
b. comparison
c. analogy
d. principle of operation
What To Do (Home-Based Activity)
Directions: Do Learning Task 1 on page 3 of the Learner’s Packet. Match the term/
word in Column A to its possible expanded definition in Column B. Write the letter of
the correct answers.
*This task is worth 5 points under the Written Task.
Directions: Do Learning Task 2 on page 3 of the Learner’s Packet. From the word
pool, determine the techniques/approaches used in the numbered statements found in
the expanded definition of Freedom.
*This task is worth 5 points under the Written Task.
Directions: Do Learning Task 4 on page 3 of the Learner’s Packet. Create a good, expanded
definition. First, choose one (1) from the set of below. Find out the various details (distinguishing
characteristics, extra facts/ information, synonyms, examples or anecdotes) about your chosen topic.
With a specific audience in mind, write a comprehensive definition of your term by using the different
ways/techniques of expanding it.
*This task is worth 20 points under the Performance Task.

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EXPANDED

In conducting research and writing the paper, you

A formal definition consists of three parts: the term

• A computer memory is one of the

The Cornell University Law School website defines cruel and

2. Gender equality does not mean that women and

5. Gender equality is one of the critical issues that

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