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    19th Century Philippines As Rizal's Context

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    James Ivan Dura
    The document summarizes the political, economic, and sociocultural context of the Philippines during the 19th century, when Jose Rizal lived. It describes the challenges of nationalism under Spanish rule, including conservatism vs. liberalism and friar rule. Economically, it discusses the transition from the encomienda system to haciendas and the galleon trade. The educational system was limited and emphasized religion over academics. Overall, the Philippines during this time suffered under the evils of an unjust colonial power like no representation, human rights violations, and racial discrimination.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    19th Century Philippines As Rizal's Context

    Uploaded by

    James Ivan Dura
    90 views20 pages
    The document summarizes the political, economic, and sociocultural context of the Philippines during the 19th century, when Jose Rizal lived. It describes the challenges of nationalism under Spanish rule, including conservatism vs. liberalism and friar rule. Economically, it discusses the transition from the encomienda system to haciendas and the galleon trade. The educational system was limited and emphasized religion over academics. Overall, the Philippines during this time suffered under the evils of an unjust colonial power like no representation, human rights violations, and racial discrimination.

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    19th Century Philippines as Rizal’s Context

    Original Title

    19th Century Philippines as Rizal’s Context

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    The document summarizes the political, economic, and sociocultural context of the Philippines during the 19th century, when Jose Rizal lived. It describes the challenges of nationalism under Spanish rule, including conservatism vs. liberalism and friar rule. Economically, it discusses the transition from the encomienda system to haciendas and the galleon trade. The educational system was limited and emphasized religion over academics. Overall, the Philippines during this time suffered under the evils of an unjust colonial power like no representation, human rights violations, and racial discrimination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    90 views20 pages

    19th Century Philippines As Rizal's Context

    Uploaded by

    James Ivan Dura
    The document summarizes the political, economic, and sociocultural context of the Philippines during the 19th century, when Jose Rizal lived. It describes the challenges of nationalism under Spanish rule, including conservatism vs. liberalism and friar rule. Economically, it discusses the transition from the encomienda system to haciendas and the galleon trade. The educational system was limited and emphasized religion over academics. Overall, the Philippines during this time suffered under the evils of an unjust colonial power like no representation, human rights violations, and racial discrimination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    The Philippines in 19th

    CENTURY in RIZAL’S
    CONTEXT
    • 19th century was the era of challenges and responses.
    • It is the period of major changes that affect man & society.
    • Age of enlightenment
    POLITICAL CONTEXT – the struggle of nationalism
    • a. The French Revolution
    • b. American Civil War
    CONSERVATISM VS. LIBERALISM – in Spain there
    was the split among the intellectuals into the irreconcilable
    camps, the Conversatives and the Liberals, neither of which
    advantage adequate practical solutions to end all strives.
    FRAILOCRACY – rule of the friars.
    ECONOMIC CONTEXT
    INDUSTRIALIZATION – this generally applied to the
    extraordinary transformation in the method of: production,
    transportation, and communication through the substitution of
    the manual labor to machine.
    1. ENCOMIENDA TO HACIENDA
    – encomienda and hacienda systems. Labor systems
    developed by Spain granting large amount of land to settlers
    in the Americas and claiming ownership of all of the
    resourcesand of the natives. The encomienda and hacienda
    systems developed an exchange among the natives for work
    in return of protection and education
    1. ENCOMIENDA TO HACIENDA
    2. GALLEON TRADE
    • Manila - Acapulo Galleon Trade
    • - was the main source of income for the colony during its
    early years. Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued
    into the early 19th century.
    • - The Galleon trade brought silver from New Spain and silk
    from China by way of Manila. This way, the Philippines
    earned its income through buy and sell – that is, they bought
    American silver for resale to China
    2. GALLEON TRADE
    3. INDULTO DE COMERCIO
    privilege of provincial governors to engage in and monopolize
    trade.
    o Forced Labor (Polo y servicio)
    - Is the forced labor for 40 days of men ranging from 16-60 years of
    age who were obligated to give personal services to community
    projects. One could be exempted from polo y servicio by paying the
    falla, a daily fine of one and a half real.
    - In 1884, labor was reduced to 15 days. The polo system was
    patterned after the Mexican repartimento, selection of forced labor.
    o Taxation – to support the colony, several forms of taxes and
    monopolies were imposed.
    • Direct: the tithe is the payment of the 10% of an individual’s
    annual income to the government. The sanctorum is the tax
    being paid as support to the church, the tribute(buwis) is the
    taxor rent given to the landlord a resident is under. It may be
    in cash or in kind (tobacco, chickens, produce, gold,
    blankets, cotton, rice, etc. depending on the region of the
    country), fixed at 8 reals and later increased to 15 reals
    SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT

    – related to the different groups of people in society and their


    habits, traditions, and beliefs.
    PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
    DURING SPANISH TIME
    • 1855 - the year Spain realized the need of establishing a system of
    public education for the indios.
    - this was also the year that Gov. Gen Crespo organized a
    Commission and recommended remedial measures to improve
    elementary education.
    • 1861 – the year Commission completed its report and forwarded it
    to Spain.
    • 1863 – the year that the Educational Decree of 1863 was issued.
    PROVISIONS OF EDUCATIONAL DECREE
    OF 1863
    1. Establishments of Teacher Training School.
    2. Government supervises the public school system.
    3. Use of Spanish as medium of instruction in all schools.
    4. Establishment of one primary schools for boys and for
    girls in each of
    major town.
    DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
    DURING SPANISH TIME
    1. Emphasis on Religion
    • Fear of God was emphasized.
    • Obedience to friars was instilled in the mind of the people.
    • Indios were constantly reminded that they have inferior
    intelligence and were fit for manual labor only
    • Will of God was also emphasized.
    • 2. Absence of Academic Freedom
    • Most schools were not opened to the natives.
    • Students were not allowed to express their opinion.
    • 3. Racial Discrimination
    • prior to educational decree of 1863, the schools were not
    opened to the natives.
    • Spaniards hesitated to consider the indios as educable as
    • themselves.
    4. Limited curriculum
    • Education was limited to the 3Rs, that is, Reading, Writing
    and Arithmetic
    THE PHILIPPINES OF RIZAL’S TIME
    During the time of Rizal, the sinister shadow of Spain’s
    decadence darkened the Philippine skies. The Filipino
    agonized beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were
    unfortunate victims of the evils of an unjust, bigoted, and
    deteriorating colonial power. Among these evils were as
    follows:
    a. Evil of the Unjust Colonial Power – instability of colonial
    administration
    b. b. Corrupt Officialdom
    c. No Philippine representation in the Spain Cortes
    d. Human Rights Denied to Filipinos
    e. No Equality Before the Law
    f. Maladministration of JusticeP
    g. Racial Discrimination
    h. Frailocracy
    i. Forced Labor or “Polo Y Servicios’
    j. Haciendas Owned by the Friars
    k. The Guardia Civil
    THAT’S ALL!!!
    THANK YOU…

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