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    1st I ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART

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    Chawee hehe
    The heart is roughly the size of a closed fist, located in the chest behind the sternum. It has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes called pericardium. It pumps blood through the body and lungs via valves that ensure one-way blood flow. The heart wall has three layers - outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The heart's surfaces and chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

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    1st I ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART

    Uploaded by

    Chawee hehe
    12 views12 pages
    The heart is roughly the size of a closed fist, located in the chest behind the sternum. It has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes called pericardium. It pumps blood through the body and lungs via valves that ensure one-way blood flow. The heart wall has three layers - outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The heart's surfaces and chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

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    The heart is roughly the size of a closed fist, located in the chest behind the sternum. It has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes called pericardium. It pumps blood through the body and lungs via valves that ensure one-way blood flow. The heart wall has three layers - outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The heart's surfaces and chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views12 pages

    1st I ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART

    Uploaded by

    Chawee hehe
    The heart is roughly the size of a closed fist, located in the chest behind the sternum. It has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes called pericardium. It pumps blood through the body and lungs via valves that ensure one-way blood flow. The heart wall has three layers - outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The heart's surfaces and chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Anatomy of the Heart

    ALLYSA R. RAMIREZ, PTRP


    GROSS ANATOMY OF THE HEART
    SIZE Roughly same size as closed fist( 12cm long; 9cm wide;6cm thick)
    MASS 250g female; 300g male
    SHAPE Cone shape/ inverted pyramid
    RESTING LOCATION Diaphragm
    LOCATION 2/3 of the mass points at L body’s midline
    Atrial ms, ventricular ms, excitatory and conductive fibers

    BASE: broad portion (post-sup-R pointing)

    APEX: pointed portion( ant-inf- L pointing)


    FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
    • Generating blood pressure
    • Routing blood
    • Ensuring one-way blood flow
    • Regulating blood supply
    PERICARDIUM
    DEFINITION: fibrous connective tissue; encloses/protects the heart
    FIBROUS PERICARDIUM SEROUS PERICARDIUM

    -outermost layer -innermost


    -prevents overstretch -2 types:
    -serves as an anchor  Parietal Serous Pericardium – adheres
    tightly to fibrous pericardium
     Visceral Serous Pericardium
    (Epicardiium) – adheres tightly in the
    heart
    Pericardial fluid
    FUNCTION Decreases the friction of the heart

    LOCATION b/n visceral and parietal serous pericardium (pericardial cavity)

    (N) AMOUNT 50ml

    DECREASED Pericardial Friction Rub (+) Pericarditis

    INCREASED Cardiac Tamponade (+) Cardiac Arrest


    LAYERS OF THE HEART WALL
    EPICARDIUM MYOCARDIUM ENDOCARDIUM
    - Outermost - Pumping action - Provides a smooth lining
    - Contains blood vessels, - Striated like skeletal for chambers and covers
    lymphatics and vessels muscle the valves
    that supply the - Cardiac ms tissue = - Minimizes surface friction
    myocardium involuntary as blood passes through
    - Outermost: mesothelium the heart
    - Beneath: fibroelastic - Connective tissue
    tissue and adipose tissue
    SURFACES OF THE HEART
    ANTERIOR (STERNOCOSTAL) RA +RV

    POSTERIOR LA + LV
    (BASE)

    INFERIOR LV + RV
    (DIAPHRAGMATIC)
    CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
    2 ATRIA 2 VENTRICLES
    Receiving chambers Pumping Chambers
    (+) pectinate muscle (+) trabeculae carnae
    (+) auricle (+) papillary ms – attachement of cordae
    (+) interatrial septum – oval depression tendinae
    *(fossa ovalis), remnant of foramen ovale (+) interventricular septum
    (+) ligamentum arteriosum – connects the
    PT and Aorta *(ductus arteriosus)
    *LV – largest and strongest chamber
    HEART VALVES
    FUNCTION: Prevents backflow of the blood
    AV (ATRIOVENTRICULAR) VALVES/INLET SL (SEMILUNAR )VALVES/OUTLET
    (+) tricuspid valve at (R) - regulates blood (+) pulmonic valve - controls blood flow from
    flow between the right atrium and right the right ventricle into the pulmonary
    ventricle.  arteries

    (+) bicuspid valve at (L) - lets oxygen-rich (+) aortic valve - opens the way for oxygen-
    blood pass from the left atrium into the left rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into
    ventricle.  the aorta
    REFERENCES
    • Hall, J. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology.Philadelphia: Saunders
    Elsevier.
    • Tortora, GJ. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders
    • Snell, Richard S. Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    Publishers.
    • Braddom, R. (2011)lL. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.4th ed. Saunders.
    • O' Sullivan, S. (2007).Physical rehabilitation.5th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co.
    • Fauci, A. (1998), ed. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 14th ed. Vol. 1.McGraw Hill.
    • Paz, J. (2014), Acute Care Handbook for Physical Therapists 5th ed, Saunders Elsevier
    Goodman, C. (2009), Pathology, Implications for Physical Therapists 3rd ed, Saunders
    • Elsevier

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