SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PPT 2
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PPT 2
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PPT 2
Hall and Lew (2009, 54) defined impact as ―a change in a given state over
change and types of impact, and the scale, distribution, and duration of the
effects.
Dimensions Of Tourism Impacts
Tourism can help to promote the development of national parks and / or Fauna
Reserves;
Tourism will help to conserve the buildings / monuments (this includes World
Heritage Sites, for example, at UNESCO);
Tourism can provide the money through, for example, admission fees, that maintain
historic buildings, wildlife and heritage sites
Dimensions Of Tourism Impacts
tourism can lead to the creation of unsightly human structures such as buildings (e.g.
hotels) that do not fit in with vernacular architecture;
Social Impacts
Long-term residents, or those who are indigenous people, tend to be more mindful of tourism's social impacts and
view immigration as a challenge to their culture.
The attitude of the native people towards tourism goes through four phases, as described by Doxley (quoted by
Fennel 2007:47-48):
Inconvenience – getting flooded with tourism industry, the city is beginning to shift its attitude towards tourism. Decision-makers
are expanding infrastructure further, rather than restricting growth;
Planning can be the solution, but to improve the declining image and credibility of the town, an increased
advertising effort is contract
Dimensions Of Tourism Impacts
Cultural Impacts
The interaction between cultures, lifestyles, values and practices has also been
correlated with tourism.
Political Impacts
Political factors have always had a great impact on the demand for travel and as a
general observation, tourism is a fairly fragile industry, vulnerable to all different
kinds of internal and external impacts, including political issues.
Every government plans and decisions merely affect the tourism industry. It can
either increase or decrease a country's attractiveness for tourism, depending on
what the government’s changes and plans.
Determinants Of Tourism Impacts
The strength of linkages between the tourism industry and other economic sectors;
The location of development; technology and design; physical and social carrying
capacities; volume of tourism and residents-tourist’s ratio; and
The further developed the tourism market, the more economically the destination
would benefit from tourism
A similar framework for assessing a place’s potential for tourism is the ―As ‖
framework suggested by Cruz (2009). Access Accommodation Activities
Attractions Amenities Atmosphere Attitude Administration Assistance
Awareness
Determinants Of Tourism Impacts
Tourism 's net economic effect depends on the proportion of revenue held in local
economy. Leakage-arises when we import goods or pay for administrative advice
from expatriates.
Determinants Of Tourism Impacts
THE CAPACITY OF THE STAKEHOLDERS, TOURISM POLICY, TOURISM LAWS, TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA,
AND WEIGHS.
One of the main problems in tourism growth is the degree to which the stakeholders share the benefits and opportunities.
Social representation-relates to how people construct tourism awareness and its impacts.
The theory of social representations – notes that "where there is insufficient knowledge of tourism, a group of
destinations must either create its own social representation of tourism or adopt an established one."
Environmental discrimination – is the outcome and mechanism by which environmental policies produce intended or
unintended effects, particularly those that have unequal impacts on individuals, populations or societies, ethnic or racial
populations, women and lower income groups;
Environmental discrimination – is the outcome and mechanism by which environmental policies produce intended or
unintended effects, particularly those that have unequal impacts on individuals, populations or societies, ethnic or racial
populations, women and lower income groups;
Determinants Of Tourism Impacts
Tourism Policy
Density of tourism refers to the number of visitors at a given time in relation to the
destination location.
Tourism ratio refers to the volume of tourists in relation to the local population.
Determinants Of Tourism Impacts
The tourist markets served determine the kind of impacts that are exerted on the host destination
as well as those experience by the tourists themselves.
Institutionalized Tourists
Non-institutionalized Tourists
Explorers
Drifters
Determinants Of Tourism Impacts
Technology
With the introduction of the latest generation of aircraft, noise and greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft,
which is the mode of long-haul travel, have been reduced considerably. Installing wastewater treatment plant
will minimize water pollution. Tourist resorts may have solar panels installed to reduce their dependency on
commercial electricity.
The amount of human activity that an area can tolerate without degrading the environment, adversely affecting
the local community, or decreasing the quality of visitor experience. (Hawkins & Middleton 1998). The largest
number of people who can visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing the physical, economic ,
sociocultural environment to be ruined, and an undesirable reduction in the level of visitor satisfaction. (WTO)