MEMBERS :

Angela Gallo
Angelo Kim Hui Lim

INTERNE
Davizar Perez
J o h n H e n r y Wo o
Z i a n G a b r i e l To s t o n

T
GROUP 13 REPORT
GROUP 13
SCOPE OF OUR
TOPIC
● Definition of the Internet

● Business value of Internet

● Types of Telecommunication Network

● What makes Internet work?

 WE WILL TALK
ABOUT THIS
FIRST.
WHAT’S THE FIRST THING THAT GOES TO YOUR
MIND WHEN YOU HEAR THE WORD “INTERNET”?
GROUP 13
 GROUP 13

Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized

WHAT IS
communications and methods of commerce by
allowing various computer networks around the world

INTERNET?
to interconnect. Sometimes referred to as a “network
of networks”.
GROUP 13
BRIEF HISTORY
OF THE
INTERNET

Discussant : Angelo Kim Hui

 HISTORY OF INTERNET
● The earliest computers were connected directly to

(Computer) terminals used by an individual user

Christopher Strachey.

● In 1958, the US Department of Defense created the Advance

Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

● Joseph Licklider convinced ARPA to research into connecting

multiple computers throughout the country.

A COMPUTER TERMINAL
 HISTORY OF INTERNET
● In 1969, ARPA started building the network by connecting

computers from few colleges that they’ve chosen which

includes UCLA, SRI, UCSB and University of Utah which then

named as ARPANET.

● The ARPANET used packet switching to transmit data

● As ARPANET slowly got crowded and more new networks

started to show, normal packet switching became a problem.

 HISTORY OF INTERNET
● TCP/IP or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

was introduced in 1974. And ARPANET as well as the others

like SATNET and many more networks started to use TCP/IP

to be able to connect with each other.

-TCP is a standard for packet formatting.

-IP is a standard for computer address.

 Elephants and storms.

Did you know that elephants can sense storms?

The Internet was not available
to the general public until
Elephants may be able to detect a thunderstorm
from hundreds of miles away, and will head
1989it,when
towards the
looking for commercial
water.

ISP’s started.
GROUP 13
 HISTORY OF INTERNET
● But due to the growing size of users and networks

interconnected to one another, they have to further optimize

the travel of packet to the destination. So in 1984, DNS was

created to improve not just the system but also the user

friendliness of the Internet.

 HISTORY OF INTERNET
● Around 1987 the ARPANET was trying to find another

network to continue hosting as the backbone of the global

network or what we call today as internet.

● In 1990, NSFNET replaced ARPANET as the core of the

Global Network.

● In 1992, the US congress passed a law to allow commercial

traffic to pass through the internet which is called CIX.

 HISTORY OF INTERNET

● And in 1995, NSFNET shutdown and handed the

responsibility of connecting networks together to the ISP’s.

Internet is different from World Mmm, can I fit in?...
Wide Web.
Internet is a shortened form of the word Did you know that a cat uses its whiskers as
“Internetworking”. Where different feelers to determine if a space is too small
networks connect to one another. to squeeze through?
While World Wide Web is a system of
information where web resources such as Also, cats love to sleep. A fifteen-year-old
documents, websites and other other web cat has probably spent ten years of its life
resources are identified with Universal sleeping.
Resource Locator.
THE INTERNET
REVOLUTION

Discussant : Angela Gallo

 GROUP 13
● The explosive growth of the Internet is a revolutionary

THE INTERNET
phenomenon in computing and telecommunications. The

Internet has become the largest and most important

REVOLUTION
network of networks today and has evolved into a global

information superhighway.
GROUP 13
 THE INTERNET REVOLUTION

● December 1991 – The internet was just having around 10

servers.

● January 2004 – The internet was estimated to have more

than 46 million connected servers worldwide.

● January 2007 – Around 1 billion users of internet worldwide.

 THE INTERNET REVOLUTION

Internet Service Providers

● An ISP, or Internet service provider, is a company that provides access to the

Internet to individuals and organizations. For a monthly fee, the service

provider gives you a software package, username, password, and access phone

number or access protocol. With this information (and some specialized

hardware), you can then log onto the Internet, browse the World Wide Web,

and send and receive e-mail.

 TYPES OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
● Dial Up-  is a service that allows connectivity to the internet through a standard telephone line.

● DSL - it is normally offered by the local phone company.

● Cable - Cable Internet access is available by connecting a

cable router to the computer and connecting to a designated jack.

● WI-FI - It is a Wireless Internet Access. It’s used by laptop and offered freely
by many hotels and coffee shops.

● Satellite – this is for those people in very rural areas

who have no other broadband connection.
THE BUSINESS
VALUE OF
INTERNET

Discussant : Angelo Kim Hui

BUSINESS VALUE OF INTERNET
 THE BUSINESS VALUE OF
INTERNET

Business use of the Internet has expanded from an electronic information

exchange to a broad platform for strategic business applications. The applications

such as collaboration among business partners, providing customer and vendor

support, and e-commerce have become major business uses of the Internet.
 THE BUSINESS VALUE OF
INTERNET
● Generate new revenue from online sales.

● Reduce transaction costs through online sales and customer support.

● Attract new customers via Web marketing and advertising and online sales.

● Increase the loyalty of existing customers via improved Web customer service

and support.

● Develop new Web-based markets and distribution channels for existing

products.

● Develop new information-based products accessible on the Web.

 INTRANET AND EXTRANET
Intranet
● An intranet is a network inside an organization that uses Internet technologies

(such as Web browsers and servers, TCP/IP network protocols, HTML

hypermedia document publishing and databases, and so on) to provide an

Internet-like environment within the enterprise for information sharing,

communications, collaboration, and the support of business processes.

 INTRANET AND EXTRANET

Extranet
● Extranets are network links that use Internet technologies to interconnect the

intranet of a business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers, or other

business partners
 BUSINESS VALUE OF
INTRANET
Organizations can implement broad range of intranet system to their business to

provide enterprise information portal. The core of intranet in business are as

follows :

● Communications and Collaboration

● Web Publishing

● Business Operations Management

● Intranet Portal Management

 BUSINESS VALUE OF
EXTRANET
"Extra" refers to any contact or activity outside of your business, such as clients,

vendors, and suppliers. Therefore, an extranet is a private network where these

individuals (clients, vendors, suppliers, partners, etc.) can communicate with you

and your employees in a closed digital workspace. Extranets serve an extremely

important role, as they allow for private communication, collaboration, knowledge

sharing, document sharing, and data transfer between organizations.

ICE
BREAKE
R TIME!
TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK

Discussant : Angelo Kim Hui

 GROUP 13
TELECOMMUNCATIO
N NETWORK
A telecommunications network is any arrangement in
which a sender transmits a message to a receiver over
a channel consisting of some type of medium.
GROUP 13
5 Components in Telecommunication Network
 COMPONENTS OF TELE-
COMMUNICATION
● NETWORK
Terminal – such as networked personal computers, network computers, or
any information appliances.

● Telecommunications Processors - perform a variety of support functions between

the computers and other devices in a telecommunications network.

● Telecommunications Channels - A telecommunication channel is either to a

physical transmission medium such as a wire. or to a logical connection over
a multiplexed medium such as radio channel.
COMPONENTS OF TELE-
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
● Computers - all sizes and types are interconnected by telecommunications
networks so that they can carry out their information processing assignments.

● Telecommunication Control Software - consists of programs that control

telecommunications activities and manage the functions of telecommunications

networks.
General model of telecommunication
 TYPES OF
TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
● Local Area Network

● Metropolitan Area Networks

● Campus Area Network

● Wide Area Networks

● Wireless Local Area Networks

● Virtual Private Networks

 LOCAL AREA
NETWORK
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected

together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home.

A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one

user to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in

an office or school.
 LOCAL AREA
NETWORK

Regardless of size, a LAN's single defining characteristic

is that it connects devices that are in a single, limited

area. 
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM OF
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
 HOW DOES
LOCAL AREA NETWORK WORK?
Early LAN (Local Area Network) networks were formed using coaxial
cable, coax is an electric cable and it is used to carry radio signals. LAN
(Local Area Network) setup is developed by connecting two or more than
two computers with each other using a physical connection in order to
share files and data overtime. The basic application of this cable is to
connect the radio transmitters with their antennas. However it is also used
for developing internet connections and for distributing cable channels.
Most common type of developing LAN (Local Area Network) network is
the Ethernet. Ethernet has proved to be an effective way to serve as a
data transfer medium for internet protocols. Usually Ethernet cables are
extended to the length of 100 meters, but this is not the ultimate limit.
 EXAMPLES OF
LOCAL AREA NETWORK

• Networking in home, office.

• Networking in school, laboratory, university campus.
• Networking between two computers.
• Wi-Fi (When we consider wireless LAN).
 METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects

computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city,

multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with multiple buildings.

A MAN is larger than a local area network (LAN) but smaller than a wide

area network (WAN). MANs do not have to be in urban areas; the term

"metropolitan" implies the size of the network, not the demographics of

the area that it serves.

 HOW ARE MAN NETWORKS
CONSTRUCTED?
Like WANs, a MAN is made up of interconnected LANs.
Because MANs are smaller, they are usually more efficient than
WANs, since data does not have to travel over large distances.
MANs typically combine the networks of multiple organizations,
instead of being managed by a single organization.
Most MANs use fiber optic cables to form connections between
LANs. Often a MAN will run on "dark fiber" — formerly unused
fiber optic cables that are able to carry traffic. These fiber optic
cables may be leased from private-sector Internet service
providers (ISP).
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM
OF METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK

A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network that

spans a limited geographic area. CANs interconnect
multiple local area networks (LAN) within an educational or
corporate campus. Most CANs connect to the public Internet.
 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK

At colleges, universities, and other educational

institutions, CANs provide Internet access for
students and faculty. CANs also enable
connected users to quickly share files and data
within the network: since data does not have to
leave the CAN, users experience far
less latency than they would when sending and
receiving data within a MAN or WAN.
 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK

A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network that

spans a limited geographic area. CANs interconnect
multiple local area networks (LAN) within an educational or
corporate campus. Most CANs connect to the public Internet.
 Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Telecommunications networks covering a large geographic area

are called Wide Area Networks (WAN). Large networks have become
a necessity for carrying out the day-to-day activities of many business and
government organizations and their end users.
 World Local Area Network (WLAN)
Stands for "Wireless Local Area Network." A WLAN, or wireless LAN, is a 
Network that allows devices to connect and communicate wirelessly.
Unlike a traditional wired LAN, in which devices communicate over Ethernet 
cables, devices on a WLAN communicate via Wi-Fi.
 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
Many organizations use virtual private networks (VPNs) to establish secure intranets
and extranets. A virtual private network is a secure network that uses the Internet as its
main backbone network but relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other security
features of its Internet and intranet connections and those of participating organizations.
 WHAT MAKES
INTERNET WORK?

Discussant : Angelo Kim Hui

 GROUP 13
Internet access is the process of connecting to the
internet using personal computers, laptops or mobile
devices by users or enterprises. Internet access is

INTERNET
subject to data signalling rates and users could be
connected at different internet speeds. Internet access

ACCESS
enables individuals or organizations to avail internet
services/web-based services.
GROUP 13
 ACCESSING THE INTERNET
Users can access the Internet in several ways, including using a LAN server, dialing

into a server using the telephone lines, using a high-speed service, or accessing the

Internet over a wireless network.

Different Types of Connections to access the internet :

● Dial Up

● Cable

● Fiber

● Wireless
D
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POINT TO POINT
 IP ADDRESSING
IP Address

An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local

network. IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the

format of data sent via the internet or local network.

There are four types of IP Address :

● Public

● Private

● Static

● Dynamic
 IP ADDRESSING
VERSIONS OF INTERNET PROTOCOL

● IPV4 - is an IP version widely used to identify devices on a network using an

addressing system. It was the first version of IP deployed for production in the

ARPANET in 1983. It uses a 32-bit address scheme to store 2^32 addresses

which is more than 4 billion addresses. It is considered the primary Internet

Protocol and carries 94% of Internet traffic.

 IP ADDRESSING
VERSIONS OF INTERNET PROTOCOL

● IPV6 - is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol. This new IP address

version is being deployed to fulfill the need for more Internet addresses. It was

aimed to resolve issues that are associated with IPv4. With 128-bit address

space, it allows 340 undecillion unique address space. IPv6 is also called IPng

(Internet Protocol next generation).

 INTERNET REQUIREMENT
Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides

web access to both businesses and consumers.

• ISPs may also provide other services such as email services,

domain registration, web hosting, and browser services.
 INTERNET REQUIREMENT
Some business organizations or universities have permanent connections, but
it is more common to have a temporary connection. It is common to use a
modem to provide the link from a personal computer to a service called an
Internet Service Provider (ISP), which offers a permanent link, or node, into
the Internet. The user’s modem will dial the ISP, which maintains what is
called a point of presence (PoP) – rather like a reception area. The ISP will
check that the user’s password is valid before allowing access to its file server,
and it will normally offer a range of ‘customer services’ as well as access to the
Internet.
 INTERNET SERVICE
PROVIDER
Internet service was originally limited to government agencies and specific university
departments. The technology was developed to provide access to the general public
through the World Wide Web in the late 1980s. Initially, consumers were able to gain
limited access through a few ISPs—America Online (AOL) being one of the most
recognized names at the time—that used dial-up connections using a phone line.
 INTERNET SERVICE
PROVIDER
The number of ISPs increased to several thousand during the mid-1990s and the boom
was on. As the options for connectivity
increased and speeds moved away from slower dial-up connections, the Internet
economy was born. Providers developed more advanced technology,
allowing customers high-speed access via broadband technology through cable and
digital subscriber line (DSL) modems.
 INTERNET REQUIREMENTS:
Network equipment and cables
• Cables and connectors. These link together the computers, printers, servers and
other equipment on your network.
• A router. This manages network traffic, ensuring devices can communicate with each
other via both wired and wireless connections, and provides internet connectivity.
• A wireless access point (optional). This will extend your wireless network if the
router is incapable of offering coverage in certain parts of the building.
• An internet connection. This could be a faster fibre connection or dedicated leased
line.
• A hardware firewall. This creates a secure barrier between your network and the
internet, blocking security threats. Networks sometimes include an on-site 
network server which runs central applications, acts as an email server and provides
file storage.
 INTERNET APPLICATIONS

An Internet application is a client/server application that uses standard Internet

protocols for connecting the client to the server. You can use exactly the same

techniques to create a true Internet application, which is available publicly through

the World Wide Web, or to create an intranet application

INTERNET APPLICATIONS
Examples of Internet Applications :

● HTML

● JAVA APPLETS

● .NET Applications

● Web Applications

● Email Services

● Social Networks
Do you have any questions?