Microcontroller Inside My Phone

MICROCONTROLLER INSIDE MY MOBILE PHONE
~BY SWAPNADEEP KAPURI

2BU20CS098
Topics which will be covered are
• Definitions of processors with Example
• Difference between Microcontroller and Micro
processor
• Microcontroller and it’s derived processors
• My phone’s microcontroller (i.e Samsung f12)
• History and it’s operations
• Comparison between different Microprocessor
• Intel I CORE series
DEFINITION OF PROCESSOR
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor
or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions
comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic,
controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in
the program. This contrasts with external components such as main memory
and I/O circuitry, and specialized processors such as graphics processing units
(GPUs).
DEFINITION OF MICROPROCESSOR
Modern day processors which are implemented through Integrated Circuits

embedded on semiconductor chips, which also contains ALU (Arithmetic Logic
Unit), Registers and Control Unit embedded on it is called Microprocessor!
DEFINITION OF MULTI-CORE PROCESSOR
Most modern CPUs are implemented on integrated circuit (IC) microprocessors,

with one or more CPUs on a single IC chip. Microprocessor chips with multiple
CPUs are multi-core processors. The individual physical CPUs, processor cores,
can also be multithreaded to create additional virtual or logical CPUs.
An early version/concept of The IBM System/370 An Intel Core 2
Central Processing Unit (S/370) is a model range Duo E6750 dual-
utilizing Computer named of IBM mainframe core processor
EVDAC (Electronic Discrete computers launched in
Variable Automatic 1970 uses IC processor
Computer) during 1949, USA
The commercial version of

Microprocessor, Intel 4004
was developed by Intel
Corporation in 1971
Difference Between Microprocessor & Microcontroller
Microprocessor: It has external
components like I/O devices,
Ram and ROM outside the
chip. Hence it is expensive &
slow, but it’s capabilities could
be expanded beyond its
capacity through peripherals.
Microcontroller: All the units
are embedded inside the chip.
Less power consumption,
cheaper, portable but difficult
to expand its capabilities like
increasing the size of its
memory or adding multiple
devices, etc!
Microcontroller
A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small computer
on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) VLSI integrated
circuit (IC) chip. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs
(processor cores) along with memory and programmable
input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of
ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on
chip, as well as a small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are
designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers or other general
purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.
In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less

sophisticated than, a system on a chip (SoC). An SoC may connect
the external microcontroller chips as the motherboard components,
but an SoC usually integrates the advanced peripherals like graphics
processing unit (GPU) and Wi-Fi interface controller as its internal
microcontroller unit circuits.
In General Different Types of Microcontroller
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROCONTROLER BOARDS
RISC
(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
In computer engineering, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer designed to simplify the
individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a
complex instruction set computer (CISC), a RISC computer might require more instructions (more code) in order
to accomplish a task because the individual instructions are written in simpler code. The goal is to offset the
need to process more instructions by increasing the speed of each instruction, in particular by implementing an
instruction pipeline, which may be simpler given simpler instructions.
The key operational concept of the RISC computer is that each instruction performs only one function (e.g. copy
a value from memory to a register). The RISC computer usually has many (16 or 32) high-speed, general-purpose
registers with a load/store architecture in which the code for the register-register instructions (for performing
arithmetic and tests) are separate from the instructions that grant access to the main memory of the computer.
The design of the CPU allows RISC computers few simple addressing modes and predictable instruction times
that simplify design of the system as a whole.
ARM Processor
ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC
Machine) is a family of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architectures for computer
processors, configured for various environments.
The processors use a much simpler instruction set than their Intel counterparts, which are based on the complex
instruction set computing (CISC) architecture. The two types of processors also employ different methods to
optimize performance and increase efficiency. For example, Intel takes a hardware approach to maximizing
performance, whereas Arm takes a software approach.
Arm processors can execute many more millions of instructions per second than Intel processors. By stripping
out unneeded instructions and optimizing pathways, an Arm processor can deliver outstanding performance
while using much less energy than a CISC-based processor. The reduction in power also means that Arm CPUs
generate less heat. That's not to say Arm processors are inherently better than Intel processors, only that they're
better suited to specific use cases.
ARM processors are desirable for light, portable, battery-powered devices, including smartphones, laptops and
tablet computers, and other embedded systems. However, ARM processors are also used for desktops and
servers, including the world's fastest supercomputer in 2020 (Fugaku). With over 200 billion ARM chips
produced, as of 2021, ARM is the most widely used family of instruction set architectures (ISA) and the ISAs
produced in the largest quantity.
EXAMPLE OF ARM PROCESSSES
Nested vector interrupt control (NVIC) is a method
of prioritizing interrupts, improving the MCU’s
performance and reducing interrupt latency. NVIC
also provides implementation schemes for handling
interrupts that occur when other interrupts are being
executed or when the CPU is in the process of
restoring its previous state and resuming its
suspended process.
Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM) is a real-time trace
module providing instruction and data tracing of a
processor. An ETM is an integral part of an ARM
RealView debug solution.
Wakeup Interrupt Controller (WIC) is a peripheral
that can detect an interrupt and wake the processor
from deep sleep mode. The WIC is enabled only
when the system is in deep sleep mode.
CoreSight Debug Access Port (DAP)
My Mobile Phone’s
Microcontroller
Samsung Exynos ARM Processor
Exynos, formerly Hummingbird (Korean: 엑시노스 ), is a series of ARM-based system-on-
chips developed by Samsung Electronics' System LSI division and manufactured by
Samsung Foundry.
Exynos processor was introduced in Samsung Galaxy S series phones, starting from Galaxy
S3. This ARM Cortex-A8 was code-named Hummingbird. It was developed in partnership
with Intrinsity using their FastCore and Fast14 technology.
Exynos is mostly based on the ARM Cortex cores with the exception of some high end
SoC's which featured Samsung's proprietary "M" series core design; though from 2021
onwards even the flagship high-end SoC's will be featuring ARM Cortex cores.
• Intel i3 has the lowest number of core processors which used to be 2 core processor, which has now gone up
to 4 core processor.
• Intel i5 typically lacks Hyper-Threading, but it has more cores (currently, six, rather than four) than Core i3. The
i5 parts also generally have higher clock speeds, a larger cache, and can handle more memory. The integrated
graphics are also a bit better.
• Intel i7 CPUs had Hyper-Threading on desktops, but the more recent generations do not. These processors
have higher core counts (up to eight in the ninth generation) than the i5’s, a larger cache, and a bump in
graphics performance, but they have the same memory capacity as the Core i5’s
• At the Core i9 level in the current ninth-generation CPUs, we see eight cores, 16 threads, a larger cache than
the Core i5 processors, faster clock speeds (up to 5 GHz for boost), and another bump in graphics
performance. However, Core i9 CPUs still have the same maximum memory capacity as the Core i5.
• In October 2019, Intel announced new Core X parts that range from 10 to 18 cores (Core i9s max out at eight).
They include Hyper-Threading, and high boost clocks, although, not necessarily higher than Core i9 CPUs.
They also have a higher number of PCIe lanes and can handle more RAM, and they have a much higher TDP
than the other Core parts.
THANK YOU EVERYONE
From Swapnadeep Kapuri
CSE, 4th semester
S.G.B.I.T Belgaum

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MICROCONTROLLER INSIDE MY MOBILE PHONE

~BY SWAPNADEEP KAPURI

Modern day processors which are implemented through Integrated Circuits

DEFINITION OF MULTI-CORE PROCESSOR

Most modern CPUs are implemented on integrated circuit (IC) microprocessors,

The commercial version of

In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less

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