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    Module II: Building Embedded Hardware & Software: Prof. Mayank Gupta

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    westo
    This document discusses key components in building embedded hardware and software. It describes hardware components like ADCs, DACs, sensors and memory devices. It also covers the PCB design process. On the software side, it mentions cross compilers, linkers, runtime libraries, and toolchains. It provides examples of ADCs like ADC0808 and ADC0804. It also discusses DACs, PCB design process and software components like compilers, cross compilers, and linkers.

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    Module II: Building Embedded Hardware & Software: Prof. Mayank Gupta

    Uploaded by

    westo
    41 views19 pages
    This document discusses key components in building embedded hardware and software. It describes hardware components like ADCs, DACs, sensors and memory devices. It also covers the PCB design process. On the software side, it mentions cross compilers, linkers, runtime libraries, and toolchains. It provides examples of ADCs like ADC0808 and ADC0804. It also discusses DACs, PCB design process and software components like compilers, cross compilers, and linkers.

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    This document discusses key components in building embedded hardware and software. It describes hardware components like ADCs, DACs, sensors and memory devices. It also covers the PCB design process. On the software side, it mentions cross compilers, linkers, runtime libraries, and toolchains. It provides examples of ADCs like ADC0808 and ADC0804. It also discusses DACs, PCB design process and software components like compilers, cross compilers, and linkers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    41 views19 pages

    Module II: Building Embedded Hardware & Software: Prof. Mayank Gupta

    Uploaded by

    westo
    This document discusses key components in building embedded hardware and software. It describes hardware components like ADCs, DACs, sensors and memory devices. It also covers the PCB design process. On the software side, it mentions cross compilers, linkers, runtime libraries, and toolchains. It provides examples of ADCs like ADC0808 and ADC0804. It also discusses DACs, PCB design process and software components like compilers, cross compilers, and linkers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Module II: Building Embedded Hardware &

    Software
    Prof. Mayank Gupta
    CONTENTS
    Hardware: ADC, DAC, Memory devices, Sensors and Actuators
    PCB design process – Software: Cross assemblers/compilers, Linker,
    Runtime Library
    Pre-processor Workflow, make files
    Compiler Tool chains – gcc & ARM
    Device Driver, Firmware
    Middleware
    Debugging tools: Emulators, Simulators, In-Circuit Debuggers,
    Logic Analyser, Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
    Architecture of Embedded Systems
    Hardware Components of Embedded Systems
    Hardware Components
    ADC (Analog to Digital Convertor):

    o An embedded system uses the ADC to

    collect information about the external world

    (data acquisition system).

    o The digital output varies from 0-255

    o ADC needs a clock to operate.


    Examples of ADC
    ADC0808:
    o It is a monolithic CMOS device, offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal
    temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability
    and consumes minimal power.
    Features:
    o Easy interface to all microprocessors
    o No zero or full-scale adjust required
    o 8-channel multiplexer with address logic
    o 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply
    o Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications
    o Carrier chip package with 28-pin
    Examples of ADC
    ADC0804:
    o ADC0804 is a very commonly used 8-bit analog to digital converter.
    o It works with 0V to 5V analog input voltage.
    o Conversion time varies depending on the clocking signals applied to CLK R
    and CLK IN pins.
    Features:
    o Easy interface to all microprocessors
    o Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL voltage level specifications
    o Works with 2.5V (LM336) voltage reference
    o On-chip clock generator
    o No zero adjust required
     Pin Description of ADC804:
    Pin 1: It is a chip select pin and activates ADC, active low
    Pin 2: It is an input pin; high to low pulse brings the data from
    internal registers to the output pins after conversion
    Pin 3: It is an input pin; low to high pulse is given to start the
    conversion
    Pin 4: It is a clock input pin, to give external clock
    Pin 5: It is an output pin, goes low when conversion is complete
    Pin 6: Analog non-inverting input
    Pin 7: Analog inverting input, it’s normally ground
    Pin 8: Ground (0V)
    Pin 9: It is an input pin, sets the reference voltage for analog
    input
    Pin 10: Ground (0V)
    Pin 11 – Pin 18: It is an 8-bit digital output pins
    Pin 19: Is used with clock IN pin when internal clock source is
    used
    Pin 20: Supply voltage; 5V
    Hardware Components
    DAC (Digital to Analog Convertor):
    o Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) is a
    device that transforms digital data into an
    analog signal.
    o DAC can reconstruct sampled data into an
    analog signal with precision.
    o Applications:
    o Audio Amplifier
    o Video Encoder
    o Data Acquisition Systems
    DAC in motor Example
    PCB: Printed Circuit Board
    These boards are made up of special materials
    that do not conduct electricity such as fiber and
    glass.
    The circuits are designed on the boards with
    copper tracks instead of wires for the conduction
    of electricity between the electronic components.
    The printed circuit boards used in all electronic
    products such as automotives, wireless
    devices, Robotic applications, etc.
    Offers quick functioning, access, control,
    monitoring and precise and exact results when
    compared to other wiring methods based devices
    PCB Designing Process
     Preparation of Screen

     Printing

     Etching

     Drilling

     Thinning

     Component Mounting and Assembling


    PCB Designing Softwares

    ZenitPCB

    TinyCAD

    Easy EDA

     ExpressPCB
    Compilers
    A compiler is a computer program (or a set of programs) that transforms

    the source code written in a programming language (the source language)

    into another computer language (normally binary format).

    The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate the

    source code from a highlevel programming language to a low-level

    language (e.g., assembly language or machine code).


    Cross Compilers
    If the compiled program can run on a system having different CPU or
    operating system than the system on which the compiler compiled the
    program, then that compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
    Cross Assembler
    A Cross Assembler runs on one machine, but assembles ALP of another
    machine and generates machine code for that machine.
    Linker
    The linker takes these object files as input and produces either an
    executable image or an object file that can be used for additional linking
    with other object files. 
    The main function of the linker is to combine multiple object files into a
    larger relocatable object file, a shared object file, or a final executable
    image.

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