Gender and Youth in Value Chain
Gender and Youth in Value Chain
Gender and Youth in Value Chain
Gender concept
• Gender refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are
socially constructed.
• This includes norms, behaviors and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl
or boy, as well as relationships with each other. As a social construct, gender varies
from society to society and can change over time.
• In a very shorthand way, gender refers to the roles, behavior, attitudes, and
activities that society assigns to men and women.
• It refers to the power relations between men and women in a given society
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There are four different types of genders that apply to living
and nonliving objects.
What is sex?
Sex is usually categorized as female or male but there is variation in
the biological attributes that comprise sex and how those attributes
are expressed.
“Gender “and its difference from “Sex”
• sex is connected with biology, whereas the gender identity of
men and women in any given society is socially and
psychologically (and that means also historically and
culturally) determined.
given society.
• Gender’ is different from ‘Sex’ in that sex refers to
the biological difference between male & female
• Gender is socially constructed and it is:
Public Domestic
Socially constructed
Determined by culture,
Static concept
societies, norms etc
EXCERCISE SEX vs. GENDER: Statements about
men and women
1. Women give birth to babies, men don't. (S)
2. Girls are gentle, boys are rough. (G)
3. Amongst Indian agriculture workers, women are paid
40-60 per cent of the male wage. (G)
4. In Europe, most long-distance truck drivers are men.
(G)
5. Women can breastfeed babies, men can bottle-feed
babies. (S)
1.1.2. Gender stereotype
A gender stereotype is a generalized view or preconception about
attributes or characteristics, or the roles that are or ought to be
possessed by, or performed by, women and men.
A gender stereotype is harmful when it limits women's and men's
capacity to develop their personal abilities, pursue their
professional.
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Gender stereotype is belief about the personal attribute of females
and males.
Personal attribute basically means treat that makes up your
personality, which define who you are as a person.
For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in
typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and
nurturing.
Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.
Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role
expectations, but they can be very different from group to group.
3.1.2. Gender violation and discrimination
Gender discrimination is when someone is treated
unequally or disadvantageously based on their gender but
not necessarily in a sexual nature.
This includes harassment/discrimination based on sex, gender
identity, or gender expression
Gender-based violence is violence mainly committed towards
women and girls, including rape, harassment, and female
genital mutilation.
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Any acts of Gender based violence that results in, or is
likely to result in physical , sexual or psychological harm
or suffering to women , including threats of such acts ,
pressure or arbitrary deprivation of liberty ,weather
occurring in public or privet life
1.1.4. Gender empowerment
• Gender empowerment is the empowerment of people of any
gender.
• While conventionally, the aspect of it is mentioned for
empowerment of women, the concept stresses the distinction
between biological sex and gender as a role, also referring to
other marginalized genders in a particular political or social
context
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Type of Gender empowerment
• However, it is possible to help women defend
themselves against these injustices with different
kinds of empowerment, such as social, economic,
educational, political, and psychological
WHAT IS EMPOWERMENT?
• The term empowerment has different meanings in different
sociocultural and political contexts, and does not translate easily
into all languages. An exploration of local terms associated with
empowerment around the world always leads to lively discussions.
• Some of these terms include self-strength, control, self-power, self-
reliance, own choice, life of dignity in accordance with one’s
values, capable of fighting for one’s rights, independence, own
decision making, being free, and capability
• Empowerment is the expansion of freedom of choice and action
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• Empowerment includes the following, or similar, capabilities:-
5 am
6 am
7 am
…….
……
……
Features of the Gender Division of Labor
• The gender division of labor in the family denotes separate labor
assignments in the household according to sex.
• Many women are chiefly responsible for housework and
childcare regardless of their other work; men’s chief
responsibilities are non-domestic work in the economic sector
and in other social and cultural institutions.
Yet, this gender-based division of labor does not mean simply
that men and women do different work.
• The gender division of labor is a set of arrangements that
produces gender, and in which men as a group occupy a more
advantageous position than women as a group in its hierarchy
of gender relations.
• By making women primarily responsible for unpaid or low
paid housework and childcare and by making men primarily
responsible for wage labor.
• The gender division of labor tends to benefit men and keeps
women, by and large, unequal to men.
1.1 .6. Triple roles of gender
• In all societies men and women play different roles, have
different needs, and face different constraints.
• Gender roles differ from the biological roles of men and women,
although they may overlap in nearly all societies.
• Gender roles are socially constructed, learned, & dynamic.
• Yet, the role is mainly considered to be men’s role and even if women
undertake the role it is mostly unrecognized.
E.g. Wage workers, farming activity.
Reproductive role:- involves the care and maintenance of the
household and its members.
• Practical gender needs are needs identified by women that do not challenge
their socially accepted roles.
• Strategic gender interests on the other hand, challenge existing gender roles.
• They reflect demands that aim for equity for women, and begin with the
assumption that women are subordinate to men as a consequence of social
and institutional discrimination against women.
• Differentiating practical needs from strategic gender
interests provides insights for gender planning and
evaluation and can be used as basis for identifying
positive actions.
• For evaluation purposes, assessing the extent of
responding to both practical and strategic gender needs
can inform the impact of projects and initiatives.
• Men and women in a given society have different
needs and interests.
General Concepts of Practical Gender Needs (PGN)
• Practical gender needs are the needs women identify in
their socially accepted roles in society.
• Practical gender needs do not challenge the gender division of
labor or women's subordinate position in society, although
rising out of them.
• Practical gender needs are a response to immediate perceived
necessity, identified within a specific context.
• They are practical in nature and often are concerned with
inadequacies in living conditions such as water provision,
health care, and employment.
General Concepts of Strategic Gender Needs (SGN)
• Strategic gender needs are the needs women identify because
of their subordinate position to men in their society.
• Invest in care.
• Gender relations affect and are affected by the ways in which value
chains function.
•
What is Gender Analysis?
Gender analysis refers to the variety of methods used to
understand the differences in men and women's lives,
including those which lead to social and economic inequity,
and applies this understanding to policy development and
service delivery.
It is a systematic process of identifying the differences in and
examining the related needs of the roles, statuses, positions
and privileges of women and men
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This analysis is based on the premises that gender is a critical
variable in the development process.
Gender analysis should be a prior activity of any development
intervention or the design of any specific gender strategy.
Gender analysis offers information to understand women's and
men's activities, their access and control over resources, the
underlying causes of inequities and tools that can be used to
address disparities to achieve positive change for women
What Can Gender Analysis Tells Us?
An analysis of gender relations can tell us who has access, which
has control, who is likely to benefit from a new initiative, and who
is likely to lose.
It can also provide information on the potential direct or indirect
benefit of a development initiative on women and men, on some
appropriate entry points for measures that promote equality within
a particular context, and on how a particular development initiative
may challenge or maintain the existing gender division of labor.
• The information obtained from gender analysis serves:
enabling people to take charge of their own lives, and escape from
poverty
poverty is seen as arising not from lack of productivity, but from
oppression and exploitation.