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    Integrated Circuits

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    Robert Dimlier Rivera
    Integrated circuits (ICs) are electronic components like resistors, transistors and capacitors compacted onto a small chip to perform common functions. Modern ICs contain billions of components on a single chip through a specialized design process. ICs are produced through photolithography that etches circuits onto silicon wafers, then cut into chips and packaged before use in electronic devices. Common logic ICs contain basic logic gates and are produced through standardized packages and functions by multiple manufacturers.

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    Integrated Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Robert Dimlier Rivera
    88 views15 pages
    Integrated circuits (ICs) are electronic components like resistors, transistors and capacitors compacted onto a small chip to perform common functions. Modern ICs contain billions of components on a single chip through a specialized design process. ICs are produced through photolithography that etches circuits onto silicon wafers, then cut into chips and packaged before use in electronic devices. Common logic ICs contain basic logic gates and are produced through standardized packages and functions by multiple manufacturers.

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    Integrated circuits (ICs) are electronic components like resistors, transistors and capacitors compacted onto a small chip to perform common functions. Modern ICs contain billions of components on a single chip through a specialized design process. ICs are produced through photolithography that etches circuits onto silicon wafers, then cut into chips and packaged before use in electronic devices. Common logic ICs contain basic logic gates and are produced through standardized packages and functions by multiple manufacturers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    88 views15 pages

    Integrated Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Robert Dimlier Rivera
    Integrated circuits (ICs) are electronic components like resistors, transistors and capacitors compacted onto a small chip to perform common functions. Modern ICs contain billions of components on a single chip through a specialized design process. ICs are produced through photolithography that etches circuits onto silicon wafers, then cut into chips and packaged before use in electronic devices. Common logic ICs contain basic logic gates and are produced through standardized packages and functions by multiple manufacturers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Integrated Circuits

    What are ICs?


    • An IC is a collection of electronic
    components -- resistors, transistors,
    capacitors, etc. -- all stuffed into a tiny
    chip, and connected together to achieve a
    common goal.
    • An IC can function as an amplifier,
    oscillator, timer, counter, logic gate,
    computer memory, microcontroller or
    microprocessor.
    • Integrated circuits (ICs) are a keystone of
    modern electronics. They are the heart
    and brains of most circuits. They are the
    ubiquitous little black "chips" you find on
    just about every circuit board.
    Types of integrated circuits
    • Analog – usually use only few components and quite simple. They
    have continuous variable output depending on the input signal. In
    theory, such IC may attain infinite number of states.
    • Digital - digital ICs don't operate over a continuous range of signal
    amplitudes. Rather, they operate at only a few defined (discrete)
    levels or states. The fundamental building blocks of digital ICs are
    logic gates, which work with binary data, i.e. signals that have only
    two different states, called low (logic 0) and high (logic 1).
    Modern integrated circuits:
    Design and Construction
    • For the past half-century, ICs have progressed enormously with faster speeds,
    greater capacity and smaller sizes.
    • Compared to the early days, today's ICs are unbelievably complex, capable of
    holding billions of transistors and other components on a single small piece of
    material. The modern IC is all one piece, with individual components embedded
    directly into the silicon crystal, rather than simply mounted on it.
    • With millions or billions of components on one single chip, it's not possible to
    position and connect each component individually. Dies are too small to solder
    and connect to. Instead, designers use a special-purpose programming language
    to create small circuit elements and combine them to progressively increase the
    size and density of components on the chip to meet application requirements.
    How Integrated Chips are made?
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bor0qLifjz4&t=198s&ab_channel
    =InfineonTechnologiesAG
    IC Packages
    • The package is what encapsulates
    the integrated circuit die and splays
    it out into a device we can more
    easily connect to. Each outer
    connection on the die is connected
    via a tiny piece of gold wire to a pad
    or pin on the package. Pins are the
    silver, extruding terminals on an IC,
    which go on to connect to other
    parts of a circuit. These are of
    utmost importance to us, because
    they're what will go on to connect
    to the rest of the components and
    wires in a circuit.
    Polarity Marking and Pin Numbering
    • All ICs are polarized, and every pin is unique in terms of both location
    and function. This means the package has to have some way to convey
    which pin is which. Most ICs will use either a notch or a dot to indicate
    which pin is the first pin. (Sometimes both, sometimes one or the other.)
    Mounting Style
    • Through-hole packages are generally bigger, and much easier to work
    with. They're designed to be stuck through one side of a board and
    soldered to the other side.
    • Surface-mount packages range in size from small to minuscule. They
    are all designed to sit on one side of a circuit board and be soldered
    to the surface.
    Logic IC
    • A logic IC is a semiconductor device that implements a basic logical
    operation that is performed on one or more digital input signals
    (represented by 1 and 0 or H and L) to produce a digital output
    signal.
    Logic IC
    • Basic logic gates are available from multiple manufacturers as
    industry-standard ICs, which are functionally and pin-compatible.
    These ICs are called standard logic ICs.
    • Standard logic ICs from different manufacturers are housed in pin-
    compatible packages, except some small packages.
    • Standard logic ICs with the same function number provide the same
    function and pin assignment.
    Types of Standard Logic IC
    • TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) - It is a logic family made up of bipolar
    junction transistors (BJTs). Here, both the functions (logic and
    amplifying) are performed by the transistors; therefore, it is named as
    the Transistor-Transistor Logic.
    • CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) - CMOS is the
    most common MOSFET fabrication type, it uses the complementary
    and symmetrical pairs of the p-type and n-type Metal Oxide Field
    effect transistors for performing the logic functions.

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