Week 1

Nature, Goals and Perspectives
in Anthropology, Sociology and

Political Science
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the nature, goals, and perspectives in anthropology, sociology
and political science;
2. Recognize the concepts and the subjects of inquiries of anthropology,
sociology and political science; and
3. Appreciate the importance of the goals of anthropology, sociology and
political science..
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Before we proceed,
everyone must answer
Learning Task #1 -
#WalangForever and
Learning Task #2 - #PIN-
POINT
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Learning Task #2 - #PIN-POINT
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“
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1.
What Is It?
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Share what you know.
✘ What is Anthropology?
✘ What is Sociology?
✘ Among the two, which focuses more on Culture?
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Anthropology vs
Sociology
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LET’S COMPARE THEM
ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY
How do we study society?
What does it mean to be What are the things that you

Answers the human? think influence your life?
question.. Who are you?
What is life to people living in
Where do you come from?
places with different culture
and behavior?
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Sociology emerged as an
Anthropology started as a academic field right at the
science during the time of height of Industrial Revolution
exploration when European in Europe which mobilized the
Where did it
countries started to colonize entire population in a way that
start?
what they considered as had never been before in
primitive societies where human history. These era had
people were believed to be brought great changes in the
savages and barbaric. way people
live in a society.
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During that time, emerging
institutions arose and replaced
During their colonial
the old ones such as how
encounter with these people,
science was taking over
Europeans started to make a
religion, when the reign of
written records about non-
kings and queens fell down,
Where did it Europeans. They focus on
and when the era of
start? kinship,
feudalism had ended. People
language, race, religion,
saw the importance of studying
cultural perceptions, and
these emerging institutions and
others.
how they started and what
impact
they could make to an
individual and the new society
in general.
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Franz Boas –considered as

the father of modern Auguste Comte – French
American anthropology. His philosopher and
Who started study led to the doctrine of mathematician. He coined the
this field? “historical particularism,” term sociology. He saw the
where he stated that each need for a systematic
society is considered as science of studying society and
having a unique form of in dealing with the solution of
culture that cannot be its basic problems.
understood under an overall
definition of general culture.
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Anthropology is the study of

Sociology is the study of
people and their culture. It
society, patterns of social
uses a special research
interactions, and culture of
method known as
Concept everyday life. Unlike
ethnography in which
anthropology, the knowledge
anthropologists are required
created by sociology is used to
to live with their subject of
understand one’s own
study for a long period of
society. Sociologists use
time in order to make their
qualitative research method in
writings more reliable and
doing their studies.
credible.
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Biological anthropology
refers to the study of human
Subjects of origins (genetics, race, Anything in a society that
Inquiry evolutions, fossils, primates). influences people’s lives can
be subjects of inquiry, like
Cultural anthropology is the different social phenomena,
study of living people issues, and problems.
(religion, social system,
language, clothing, foods,
beliefs, traditions, etc).
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Sociologists can also look into
things that influence life like
Linguistics is the study of
family background,
language, its evolution, its
socioeconomic status,
connection to other
Subjects of ethnicity, social classes,
languages, and others.
Inquiry religion, gender, beliefs,
traditions, norms, among
Archeology refers to the
others.
study of dead culture
Some fields are social
(religion, social system,
organization, social
language, how they dress,
psychology, applied sociology,
foods, beliefs, traditions, etc).
and human
ecology.
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The goals of anthropology are
The goals of Sociology are the
the following:
following:
- See the commonalities
-Obtain possible theories and
among people (tradition,
principles about society as well
Goals language, kinship, etc).
as various aspects of social
- Look at what makes us the
life.
same to understand more
- Study the nature of humanity
about human nature.
to further examine our roles
- Discover what makes people
within a society.
different from each other in
- Appreciate that all things in
order to understand and
society are interdependent.
preserve diversity.
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The goals of anthropology are

the following: The goals of Sociology are the
Goals
- Produce new knowledge and following:
new theories about mankind - Expose our minds to different
and behavior. perspectives in attaining truth.
- Look at one’s own culture
more objectively.
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POLITICAL SCIENCE
The branch of knowledge that deals

with systems of government, the
analysis of political activity and
behavior.
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POLITICAL SCIENCE
ORIGIN CONCEPTS
- The study of political science was - Political Science is the systematic
started by the ancient Greeks. study of government, politics, and
- Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated political power.
that Man is a political animal. It - It is often defined as who gets what,
means that it is our nature to live in a when, where and how.
society and to have power over
another.
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POLITICAL SCIENCE
SUBJECTS OF INQUIRY GOALS

- political theory, philosophy and - Make people a better citizens.
different political ideologies - Keep social order and harmony
- public management among different group of people.
- human rights - Protect the rights of an individual.
- international relations and foreign - Avoid conflict and promote
policies cooperation.
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thanks!
Any questions?
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Nature, Goals and Perspectives

in Anthropology, Sociology and

How do we study society?

What does it mean to be What are the things that you

Franz Boas –considered as

Anthropology is the study of

The goals of anthropology are

The branch of knowledge that deals

SUBJECTS OF INQUIRY GOALS

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