Principles, Strategies and

Approaches in Designing and

Developing Curriculum

MR. JEFFREY E. PASATIEMPO, PH.D EMT

 Curriculum
Development
- is a process through which an institute or the instructor designs or
creates a plan for a course or program. A step-by-step process of designing
and improving the course offered at schools, collges and universities.
 Principles of
Developing a
Curriculum
-The principles of the curriculum are norms, values,
moralities, and philosophies that will benefit teachers,
students, and the whole education system.
 Principle of
Totality of
Experiences
- It is imperative to realize that curriculum does not
merely indicate academic subjects traditionally taught in
schools and colleges.
 Principle of Child-
Centeredness
- Instead of sticking to the predetermined curriculum,
instructors must consider the child’s concerns, motives,
and needs while developing the curriculum.
 Principle of
Conservation and
Creativity
- While developing a curriculum, it is mandatory to
include subjects and experiences that would help
conserve cultural heritage.
 Principle of
Integration
- The curriculum should be planned in such a way
that varied subjects could be added at different stages
of education.
 Principle of
Flexibility
- One of the ideal qualities that a curriculum should
have is flexibility and dynamism, as this will be
instrumental in serving the needs and concerns of
individuals and society.
Principle of Utility

- Curriculum construction should follow the principle

of utility, according to which educators must include
content that is useful to the individual and society.
 Principle of
Character Formation
- The goal of the curriculum is not just educating
learners through bookish knowledge.
- It should also encourage the development of
character and personality in students.
Principle of Mental
Discipline
- A significant task of the curriculum is to foster
learners’ various mental faculties or powers through
cognitive training and practice.
 Principle of Social
Fulfillment
- Education aims to provide the overall development
of the students through comprehensive teaching styles
and content.
What is Curriculum Strategy?

Curriculum strategy involves the process of defining

goals, objectives, and levels to develop a curriculum that
adheres to the given requirements (or finds solutions to
the existing problems/ gaps in teaching). It streamlines
the elements of the curriculum by defining the
relationships between them. What makes a quality
curriculum is the time and energy spent developing the
curriculum strategy.
 - It is imperative to realize that curriculum does not
merely indicate academic subjects traditionally taught in
schools and colleges.
-
 - It is imperative to realize that curriculum does not
merely indicate academic subjects traditionally taught in
schools and colleges.
Tips and Strategies
for Curriculum
Creators
 1. Focus on the students rather than on
creating the best lesson plan. The ultimate goal
should be to do what’s best for the learners.
 2. Talk to other experts, teachers, etc.,
from the industry and consider their inputs.
3. Make use of technology to design the curriculum. There are
different software applications to assist you.
4. Avoid pre-packaged curricula. The curriculum needs to be tailor
made for the intended outcome.
5. Take time to design and develop the curriculum. Don’t rush through
the process or skip stages.
7. Create a proper evaluation and feedback system to get inputs
about the curriculum. Take feedback from students and teachers.
 Approaches in Designing
and Developing a Curriculum
1. Subject-Centered Curriculum Design revolves
around a particular subject matter or discipline,
such as mathematics, literature or biology. This
model of curriculum design tends to focus on the
subject, rather than the student. It is the most
common model of standardized curriculum that
can be found in K-12 public schools.
Instructors compile lists of subjects and specific
examples of how they should be studied. In
higher education, this methodology is typically
found in large university or college classes
where teachers focus on a particular subject or
discipline.
Subject-centered curriculum design is not
student-centered, and the model is less
concerned with individual learning styles
compared to other forms of curriculum design.
This can lead to issues with student engagement
and motivation and may cause students who are
not responsive to this model to fall behind.
 2. Learner-Centered Curriculum Design
Learner-centered curriculum design, by contrast,
revolves around student needs, interests and
goals. It acknowledges that students are not
uniform but individuals, and therefore should not,
in all cases, be subject to a standardized
curriculum. This approach aims to empower
learners to shape their education through
choices.
Differentiated instructional plans provide an
opportunity to select assignments, teaching and
learning experiences, or activities that are timely
and relevant. This form of curriculum design has
been shown to engage and motivate students.
The drawback to this form of curriculum design is
that it can create pressure to form content
around the learning needs and preferences of
students.
 3. Problem- Centered Curriculum Design
Problem-centered curriculum design teaches students how to
look at a problem and formulate a solution. A problem-centered
curriculum model helps students engage in authentic learning
because they’re exposed to real-life issues and skills, which are
transferable to the real world. Problem-centered curriculum
design has been shown to increase the relevance of the
curriculum and encourages creativity, innovation and
collaboration in the classroom. The drawback to this model is that
the individual needs and interests of students aren’t always
accounted for.
 3. Problem- Centered Curriculum Design
Problem-centered curriculum design teaches students how to
look at a problem and formulate a solution. A problem-centered
curriculum model helps students engage in authentic learning
because they’re exposed to real-life issues and skills, which are
transferable to the real world. Problem-centered curriculum
design has been shown to increase the relevance of the
curriculum and encourages creativity, innovation and
collaboration in the classroom. The drawback to this model is that
the individual needs and interests of students aren’t always
accounted for.
 3. Problem- Centered Curriculum Design
Problem-centered curriculum design teaches students how to
look at a problem and formulate a solution. A problem-centered
curriculum model helps students engage in authentic learning
because they’re exposed to real-life issues and skills, which are
transferable to the real world. Problem-centered curriculum
design has been shown to increase the relevance of the
curriculum and encourages creativity, innovation and
collaboration in the classroom. The drawback to this model is that
the individual needs and interests of students aren’t always
accounted for.
 3. Problem- Centered Curriculum Design
Problem-centered curriculum design teaches students how to
look at a problem and formulate a solution. A problem-centered
curriculum model helps students engage in authentic learning
because they’re exposed to real-life issues and skills, which are
transferable to the real world. Problem-centered curriculum
design has been shown to increase the relevance of the
curriculum and encourages creativity, innovation and
collaboration in the classroom. The drawback to this model is that
the individual needs and interests of students aren’t always
accounted for.
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
MANAGERIAL APPROACH
SYSTEM APPROACH
HUMANISTIC APPROACH
 I wasn’t born to just teach.
I was born to inspire others,
to change people and to never
give up; even when faced with
challenges that seem
impossible.

- Anonymous