Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 19 views

    Chapter 4 BIO 1510

    Uploaded by

    Chachi C
    This document provides information about eukaryotic cell structures. It discusses the structures and functions of bacterial and animal cells, including their cell walls, nuclei, organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endomembrane system, and cytoskeleton. It also describes the extracellular matrix in animal cells and cell walls and plasmodesmata for communication between plant cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 4 BIO 1510

    Uploaded by

    Chachi C
    19 views30 pages
    This document provides information about eukaryotic cell structures. It discusses the structures and functions of bacterial and animal cells, including their cell walls, nuclei, organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endomembrane system, and cytoskeleton. It also describes the extracellular matrix in animal cells and cell walls and plasmodesmata for communication between plant cells.

    Original Description:

    document

    Original Title

    Chapter 4 BIO 1510(1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information about eukaryotic cell structures. It discusses the structures and functions of bacterial and animal cells, including their cell walls, nuclei, organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endomembrane system, and cytoskeleton. It also describes the extracellular matrix in animal cells and cell walls and plasmodesmata for communication between plant cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views30 pages

    Chapter 4 BIO 1510

    Uploaded by

    Chachi C
    This document provides information about eukaryotic cell structures. It discusses the structures and functions of bacterial and animal cells, including their cell walls, nuclei, organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endomembrane system, and cytoskeleton. It also describes the extracellular matrix in animal cells and cell walls and plasmodesmata for communication between plant cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Cell Structure

    Chapter 4
    Bacterial Cell
    Bacteria

    Gram-Positive Gram-Negative

    • Include streptococcus • Include E. coli

    • Cell wall contains • Cell wall contains


    peptidoglycan lipopolysaccharides
    How Do Bacteria Move Around?
    Animal Cell
    Plant Cell
    Nucleus
    (control passage of molecules in and
    and out of nucleus)

    (region where ribosomal RNAs


    (rRNAs) are made)
    (made up of DNA and
    proteins)

    (composed of intermediate filaments


    that provide support to the nucleus)
    Ribosomes
    • Cell’s protein synthesis machinery

    • Each ribosomal subunit is composed of rRNAs and


    proteins
    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

    • Synthesis and modification of proteins

    • Contains chaperons (proteins that help other


    proteins fold properly)
    Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

    • Synthesis of lipids

    • Storage of Ca2+ in the muscle cells

    • Detoxification of drugs and poisons in the liver cells


    Golgi Apparatus

    • Functions in packaging, distribution, and an additional


    processing of molecules
    Secretory Pathway
    Lysosomes
    • Membrane-bound digestive vesicles
    Central Vacuole

    • Membrane-bound vesicle in
    plant cells
    Mitochondria
    • Found in almost all eukaryotic cells
    Chloroplasts
    • Found in plants and some protists
    The Endosymbiotic Theory
    Evidence in Support of Endosymbiotic Theory

    1. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts surrounded


    by two membranes

    2. DNA inside mitochondria and chloroplasts


    similar to bacterial DNA in size and shape
    Evidence in Support of Endosymbiotic Theory

    3. Ribosomes inside mitochondria and chloroplasts


    are similar to bacterial ribosomes

    4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate by


    binary fission – not mitosis
    Cytoskeleton
    • Network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells
    - supports the shape of the cell
    - keeps organelles in fixed locations
    - involved in cell movement and movement of
    materials and organelles within cells
    Actin Filaments vs. Microtubules

    - maintain cell’s shape


    - participate in cell movements such as crawling
    and contraction

    - support and shape the cell


    - involved in movements of organelles and vesicles
    within cells
    - guide the movement of chromosomes during cell
    division
    - found in centrioles, flagella, and cilia
    Intermediate Filaments

    - maintains cell’s shape

    - supports the nuclear envelope


    Motor Proteins
    Flagellum and Cilia
    • Have 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules

    • Centriole and basal body have


    9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules
    What is “Outside” of Animal Cells?
    • Extracellular matrix

    - organizes cells in
    tissues
    Collagen Elastin
    Fibronectin
    - supports plasma
    Integrin Proteoglycan
    membrane

    - communicates
    with cytoskeleton

    - composed of Actin filament


    fibrous proteins,
    Cytoplasm
    glycoproteins,
    and proteoglycans
    Junctions Between Cells

    connects the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet,


    preventing the movement of material between them

    connects the cytoskeleton of one cell with cytoskeleton of


    another cell with the help of proteins
    Junctions Between Cells

    involves the formation of gap between plasma


    membranes of two adjacent cells
    (gap junction)
    What is “Outside” of Plant Cells?

    • Plants have primary and secondary cell walls,


    which are made of cellulose
    Plant Cells Communicate via Plasmodesmata

    • Plasmodesmata –
    cytoplasmic connections
    between two neighboring
    plant cells

    • Function similar to gap


    junctions in animal cells

    You might also like