UNIT - I HS03 Jan - 2020
UNIT - I HS03 Jan - 2020
UNIT - I HS03 Jan - 2020
MANAGEMENT: Introduction-meaning
characteristics of management, scope and
functions of management, management as a
science or art or profession, management vs
administration, roles of management, levels
of management, development of
management thought - Early management
approaches, Modern management
approaches.
02/09/2023
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
Management is the art of getting things done through
others. – Mary Parker Follet
Management is the process of planning, organizing,
leading and controlling the efforts of the organization
members and using all organisational resources to
achieve related goals
Management is the process of working with and through
others to achieve goals in a changing environment
02/09/2023
CONTD…
William F Glueck argues that management is the
effective utilisation of human and smaterial
resources to achieve the enterprise objectives.
Management involves the process of
POSDCORB.(Planning, Organizing, Staffing,
Directing,(Leading, Motivating, Communication)
Coordinating/ Controlling, Reporting,
(Communication) & Budgeting.
02/09/2023
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT
MULTI- DISCIPLINARY
GROUP ACTIVITY
GOAL- ORIENTED
FACTOR OF PRODUCTION
UNIVERSAL IN CHARACTER
SOCIAL PROCESS
SYSTEM OF AUTHORITY
DYNAMIC FUNCTION
ART AS WELL AS SCIENCE
PROFESSION
02/09/2023
SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
FUNCTION BASED- POSDCORB
BRANCH BASED- FINANCE, MARKETING,
PRODUCTION, PERSONNEL, OFFICE ETC.
02/09/2023
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Managers have to perform different functions in
order to achieve the organizational goals.
These functions are-
PLANNING-it’s a formulation of future course
of action. Makes things to happen, over coming
the uncertainties of future.
It is the process of thinking before acting.
It is said that failure to plan is planning to fail.
Thus planning is absolute necessary and without
planning, accomplishing the objectives is almost
impossible.
02/09/2023
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
Business organizations irrespective of their size
have many managerial positions in their
structure.
Managerial positions lying in the chain of
command may be classified into various levels of
management. They are
TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT
LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT
02/09/2023
WHAT IS AN ART ?
Refers to systematic application of skill
or knowledge in accomplishment of
results.
The main elements of art are:
Personal skill
Practical knowledge
Result- oriented approach
Regular practice
Creativity
02/09/2023
MANAGEMENT AS A PROFESSION
Profession is a calling which one
professes to have acquired specialised
knowledge, which is used either in
instructing, guiding or advising others.
It refers to any occupation by which a
person earns livelihood.
In the Modern era, management has
become a profession and organisations
are developing professional managers
who can contribute to their growth.
02/09/2023
ATTRIBUTES OF A PROFESSION
The characteristic features of a profession
are:
Existence of organized and systematic body
of knowledge.
Formalised method of acquiring training and
experience.
Establishment of representative organisation
with professionalism as its goal.
Existence of an ethical code of conduct.
Chartering fee based on services provided,
with due regard for priority of service over
desire for monetary reward.
ADMINISTRATION VS MANAGEMENT
Administration is different from
management
Administration is part of management
Administration and management are
one and the same.
1/23/2014
DISTINCTION B/W ADMN. & MGMT
Factors Administration Management
DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT
THOUGHT
Early Stages of Development- MILESTONE, Adam Smith in his
first famous book during 1776 “Wealth of Nations” advocates for
concept of division of labour which is a very popular management
principle even today.
Division of labour is breaking of jobs into narrow and repetitive
jobs, which results in specialization.
He illustrates how division of labour leads to high productivity,
with the help of PIN industry.
He claimed that 10 individuals, each doing a specialized task,
could produce about 48,000 pins a day, where as if there is no
division of labour then producing even 10 pins a day is very
difficult.
02/09/2023
CONTD…
MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
1. Quantitative/ Operations Research approach-
F. W. Taylor, along with Gilberth and others
1950.
2. Systems Approach- Boulding, Johnson &
others, 1950.
3. Contingency Approach- Lorsch, Lawrence
and others
02/09/2023
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL
Propounded by Max Webber in the year 1920
A Germen sociologist and a teacher at Berlin
University
According to him, recognition and exercise of
authority was a fundamental question
Three types of Authority- Charismatic,
Traditional and BUREAUCRATIC.
His model included the following:
1. Separation of Superior and Subordinate.
2. Division of Labour.
02/09/2023
CONTD..
3. Clear divorce between personal and official
matters.
4. System of rules, regulations and procedures.
5. Hierarchy is based on legal authority and
power.
CHARACTERISTICS:
Division & Hierarchy of work, rules and
regulations, staffing, impersonal conduct,
Technical competence.
02/09/2023
CONTD..
BENEFITS:
1. Employees bound to follow rules and regulations
2. Clearly defined duties and responsibilities
3. Division of labour
4. Selection process is merit based
5. Organisation does not suffer when people quit.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. System suffers from red tapism.
2. No belongingness
3. Resistance to change
4. Rigidity
02/09/2023
TAYLOR’S CONTRIBUTIONS
In his famous book Principles of Scientific
Management published in 1911, they are:
Science, not the rule of thumb
Harmony, not discard
Cooperation not individualism
Maximum output in place of restricted output
Developing all workers to the fullest extent
possible for their own and their orgn’s highest
prosperity.
02/09/2023
ADMINISTRATIVE THEORIES
Henry Fayol- is considered as “Father of Administrative
Management Theory”. He focused on development of
broad administrative principles applicable to
management.
Was a French Industrialist, author of “Principles of
Management” in French in 1916. Book got recognition
all over the world after it was translated to English in
1949.
02/09/2023
CONTRIBUTIONS- 1. Classification of
industrial activities a) Technical
(production) b) Commercial (Buying and
Selling) c) Financial (Search for capital and
its optimum utilization), d) Security
(Protecting property and persons) e)
Accounting (Recording financial
transactions) f) Managerial (planning,
organizing, coordinating and controlling)
02/09/2023
Leadership
Proper communication
Balanced approach
Social man
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
After WW-II Britain desperately needed
to solve a number of new, complex
problems in warfare.
Formed the first operational research
teams, by pooling the expertise of
mathematicians, physicists, and other
scientists in OR TEAMs, and achieve
significant technological and tactical
breakthroughs. The team used early
computers to perform the thousands of
calculations involved in mathematical
modeling.
02/09/2023
Quantifiable
Usage of symbols
OR tools
02/09/2023
LIMITATIONS
Decision making is just a part of managerial
activity
No weightage to human element
Decision making is instantaneous
Does not take into account Qualitative aspects
Updated data availability.
02/09/2023
FEATURES
Open system
Adaptive system
Organisation as a whole
Sub- systems
Boundaries
Multi- disciplinary Approach
02/09/2023
Inter- dependency
Environmental influences
LIMITATION:
Abstract and vague
02/09/2023