Digestive System (Autosaved)

Prayer
Be Polite and Mindful
Participate in the Activities and Discussion
Listen Attentively
Respect Everyone
Observe and Practice Health Protocols

Essential Understanding
• the digestive system is composed of the food tube
and accessory digestive organs.
2. the function of the digestive system is to physically and

chemically breakdown food in order to be transported and
absorbed by the cells.
3. maintaining a healthy digestive system is
essential in an individual's well-being.
Essential Questions
• How does the digestion and absorption take
place in the human body?
• Why are enzymes important in the digestion
process?
• Why is it essential that we take good care of
our digestive system?
O
B 1. trace the pathway of food in the
J digestive tube.
E 2. relate the structure and the function of the

digestive tract.
C
T 3. recognize the uniqueness of the
digestive tract.
I
V
E
S
Activity
THE STUDENTS
ARE TO
ARRANGE THE
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS BASED
FROM THE
BEGINNING TO
THE END.
HOW FOOD IS
PROCESSED IN OUR
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM?
Man's Digestive System
Ingestion- taking in food through the

mouth
Digestion and Absorption- food are being
assimilated into living cells
Excretion-elimination of waste
Man's Digestive
System consists
of the Digestive
tract (Food
tube) and
Accessory
Glands.
Digestive Tube
Mouth
Entrance of food
Include the teeth, tongue, and
salivary glands
Teeth- cut/chew food to small pieces.
Tongue- lubricate and mix the food together with
saliva which contains enzymes. Then, pushes food
particles to the pharynx that leads to esophagus.
Digestive Tube
Teeth
Digestive
Tube
Digestive Tube
Esophagus
connects the pharynx to the stomach
Delivers food to the stomach
Digestive Tube
Stomach
Saclike, expanded portion of the food tube
Holds 4 liters of food and liquids
The walls contains gastric glands that
secretes substances for preliminary
digestion of food.
Digestive Tube
Stomach
Digestive Tube
Stomach
Pyloric Sphincter- thick ring smooth muscle
that manages the movement of the stomach
contents to the small intestine.
After 2 hours, pyloric sphincter relaxes, and

digested food gradually leaves the stomach and
enters the intestine.
Small Intestine
-Long, coiled tube beneath the stomach
Has Three Parts:

-Duodenum- upper part; about 10 in;
connected to the stomach
-where the digestive juices from the
pancreas and liver combine with chyme making it
thin and watery.
-Jejunum- about 8 ft.
-Lleum- about 12 ft.
Small Intestine
-main site of absorption
Small Intestine
•has folded inner walls

covered with fingerlike
projections (villi; sing.-
villus).
•each villus has tinier

projections called microvilli
that absorbs digested food.
Small Intestine
amino acids, simple sugars,

fatty acids, and glycerol diffuse
in capillaries and reach the
blood.
Fatty acids and glycerol diffuse

in lacteals the lymph.
Large Intestine
-larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft)

-water is absorbed from the undigested food
making the waste harder until it becomes solid.
-connects to rectum that leads to the opening
called anus.
Prayer
Be Polite and Mindful
Participate in the Activities and Discussion
Listen Attentively
Respect Everyone
Observe and Practice Health Protocols

O
B 1. connect the digestive tract and
J accessory digestive organs in the
E digestion process.
C 2. relate the structure and the function of

T the accessory digestive organs.
I
V
E
S
Where Do I belong?
Direction: The students will match

the different enzymes to the
different images displayed.
Activity
 Pancreatic Amylase
 Sucrase
 Maltase
 Lactase
 Pepsin
 Intestinal Lipase
 Salivary Amylase  Bile Salts
 Trypsin
 Chymotrypsinogen
 Pancreatic Lipase
 Nuclease
Carbohydrases- involve in digestion of
carbohydrates.
Proteases- involve in digestion of
protein.
Lipase- fats/lipids are broken down.
Pancreatic amylase-starch-digesting
enzymes come from pancreas which
produces digestive juice.
Salivary Amylase-starch-digesting
enzyme
Maltase-completes digestion of starch
changing maltose to simple sugar.
Sucrase-changes cane sugar to simple
sugar.
Lactase-helps digest milk
sugar/lactose into simple sugar.
Accessory
Organs
•produced secretions
that aid digestions.
( Salivary Glands,
Liver, Pancreas )
•Salivary Glands
•2 parotid gland, 2
submandibular glands,
2 sublingual
• largest gland
Liver • secretes bile which temporarily stored in
gallbladder.
•bile ( convert fats into smaller fat droplets)
Accessory Organs
Pancreas
-secretes enzymes
3 Enzymes:
• Pancreatic amylase- change any starch into
simpler maltose.
2. Trypsin- breaks down protein in food into amino
acids and pepsin.
3. Lipase- breaks down fats in the form of
triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides.
Accessory Organs
Appendix
-small sac located in
lower right side of the
abdomen.
( In humans, the appendix does
not perform any important
function and removing it does
not cause any long-term
problems)
Chemical Phase of Digestion
Enzymes
Protein Amino Acids
Enzymes
Fat Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Enzymes
Carbohydrates Simple Sugar
Brain Break
Discuss your Understanding with you
seatmates.
Common Ailments and
Disorders of Human
Digestive System
Welcome to Science Class 8

Objectives:
1.develop a comprehension of the digestive

disorders and diseases.
2. practice ways of taking good care of the

digestive system.
Activity
You are need to list the foods

that you typically eat on a
daily basis. You will then
discuss with the class if your
food selection was beneficial
"Failure to eat the right food and to have enough
exercise can lead to ailments and disorders of the
digestive system."
Beriberi- medical condition of low levels of thiamine.

Affects cardiovascular system, resulting in a fast
heart rate, shortness of breath, and leg swelling.
Marasmus-malnutrition characterized
by energy deficiency. It can occur in
anyone with severe malnutrition but
usually occurs in children.
GERD(gastroesophageal reflux
disease)-acid from the stomach enters
the esophagus (common symptom
Heartburn)
Gastric Ulcer- inflammation in the
lining of the stomach caused by
bacteria (Helicobacter pylori). It
cause pain and discomfort in the
lower part of stomach.
Diarrhea-not a disease, but a symptom

(frequent passage of stools.) caused by
contaminated food and water or
intestinal disorder, such as the irritation
of the colon.
Appendicitis-inflammation of
appendix. Appendix can be
infected by feces or worms.
Surgical procedure
( appendectomy).
Indigestion-discomfort in the
upper part of the abdomen. This
happens to person that eat to
much or too quickly.
Flatulence-buildup gas in abdomen
when person eats quickly and swallows
large chunks of food without properly
chewing it. Cause discomfort and
belching.
Constipation-cannot move bowels

regularly and has difficulty moving
them out. Can be prevented by
( drinking lots of water and eating high
fiber foods)
Care of the Digestive
System
-digestive system is responsible for

life-sustaining process.
- keeping digestive system healthy

is vital to the overall wellness of
the body.
Proper Nutrition
-Have balanced diet
-Eat plenty of fiber-rich food
-Eat less fatty food
-Observe moderation in eating acidic
and spicy food.
-Do not take too much salt and sugar
-Avoid harmful processed food and

synthetic food substitutes.
-Drink plenty of water
Healthy Lifestyle
-Exercise regularly
-Avoid/quit smoking
-take less alcohol/stay off alcohol
-Develop good eating habits
-Learn proper stress
management
-maintain all aspects of you
body in good condition
New Medical Technologies
Gastroenterology- study of digestive system and its
diseases
Ultrasound Screening-used sound waves to produce

pictures of internal organs, viewed on TV monitor.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-scanning

method, used to determine if certain growths are
malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous).
Intubation of the Digestive Tract-involves passing a

small, flexible plastic tube through the or mouth into
the stomach or small intestine. The tube is called
nasogastric tube
Endoscopy- examination of internal structures,
endoscope setup has a light source and a small
camera. Doctors has good view on the digestive tract
lining to see the irritation, inflammation, and
abnormal tissue growth.
Capsule Endoscopy- a person is made to swallow a

battery-powered capsule containing two tiny cameras,
a light, and a transmitter.
Laparoscopy-a procedure involves inserting pencil-

thin, lighted tube called laparoscope through a very
small incision in abdomen. Has lenses, miniature
video camera, and TV monitor.
Colonoscopy Screening- used thin flexible tube

called colonoscope. It has small camera that allows
the examination of the abdomen. (Recommended for
patients who have family history of cancer of the
rectum).

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Prayer

Be Polite and Mindful

Participate in the Activities and Discussion

Observe and Practice Health Protocols

2. the function of the digestive system is to physically and

E 2. relate the structure and the function of the

Ingestion- taking in food through the

After 2 hours, pyloric sphincter relaxes, and

Has Three Parts:

•has folded inner walls

•each villus has tinier

amino acids, simple sugars,

Fatty acids and glycerol diffuse

-larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft)

Participate in the Activities and Discussion

Observe and Practice Health Protocols

C 2. relate the structure and the function of

Direction: The students will match

Welcome to Science Class 8

1.develop a comprehension of the digestive

2. practice ways of taking good care of the

You are need to list the foods

Beriberi- medical condition of low levels of thiamine.

Diarrhea-not a disease, but a symptom

Constipation-cannot move bowels

-digestive system is responsible for

- keeping digestive system healthy

-Avoid harmful processed food and

Ultrasound Screening-used sound waves to produce

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-scanning

Intubation of the Digestive Tract-involves passing a

Capsule Endoscopy- a person is made to swallow a

Laparoscopy-a procedure involves inserting pencil-

Colonoscopy Screening- used thin flexible tube

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