Revolution of Iran and It's Effect On World Politics Specially On Middle East & Its Aftermaths
Revolution of Iran and It's Effect On World Politics Specially On Middle East & Its Aftermaths
Revolution of Iran and It's Effect On World Politics Specially On Middle East & Its Aftermaths
By late 1974 the increase of inflation and waste and an "accelerating gap"
between the rich and poor, the city and the country. Shah spent hundreds
of millions of dollars on buying military weapon from America.
[Graham,1980]
In 1976, the Shah declared economic austerity measures to dampen
inflation and waste. The resulting unemployment disproportionately
affected the thousands of recent poor and unskilled migrants to the cities.
Prior to the Revolution [1970-1977]
…Cont’d
In 1977 the Iranian people saw the death of the very popular and influential modernist
Islamist leader Ali Shariati, allegedly at the hands of SAVAK, removing a potential
revolutionary rival to Khomeini.
Finally, in October Khomeini's son Mostafa died. Though the cause appeared to be a heart
attack, anti-Shah groups blamed SAVAK poisoning and proclaimed him a 'martyr.’
[Moin,2000]
The Iranian Revolution of 1979
The Iranian Revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history.
With many other problems, there was much opposition against the
Mohammad Reza Shah, and how he used the secret police SAVAK, to control
the country.
Strong Shi’i opposition was lead against the Shah, and the country came close
to a situation of civil war.
The opposition was lead by Ayatollah Khomeini, who lived in exile in Iraq and
later in France. His massages were duplicated and spread all around the
country from there.
The Iranian Revolution of 1979
[Black Friday]
Black Friday the name given to 8 September 1978 because of the shootings in
Jaleh Square in Tehran.
Between 84-88 people were killed in the incident and 205 were injured.
The deaths were described as the pivotal event in the Iranian Revolution that
ended any “hope to compromise” between the protest movement and regime
of Mohammad Reza Shah.
The Iranian Revolution of 1979
late 1978, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, became the symbol of religious
opposition to the Shah.
strikes rocked the country, virtually shutting down both the public and private
sectors that autumn, including the crucial oil industry.
The Shah acknowledged that he was unable to impose his will on the country
in early 1979, and makes Shahpur Bakhtiar the last PM of Iran.
The Iranian Revolution of 1979
…Cont’d
From early 1979 to either 1982 or 1983 Iran was in a "revolutionary crisis mode.
After the system of despotic monarchy had been overthrown, the economy
and the apparatus of government had collapsed, military and security forces
were in disarray.
Yet, by 1982 Khomeini and his supporters had crushed the rival factions,
defeated local rebellions and consolidated power.
Aftermath of the Revolution
[Hostage Crisis]
The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the USA.
52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from 4th
November, 1979, to January 20, 1981.
It occulted after a group of Iranian collage students belonging to the Muslim
Student Followers of the Imam’s Line, took over the USA embassy in Tehran.
Aftermath of the Revolution
[Invasion of Iraq]
Saddam Hussein invaded Iran in 22 September, 1980, and ending on 20 August
1988.
Iraq wanted to replace Iran as a dominant Persian Gulf State, and worried that
the 1979 revolution would lead Iraq’s Shi’ite majority to rebel against the
Ba’athist government.
Iraq planned to annex the oil-rich Khuzestan Province and the east bank of
Shatt al-Arab.
Aftermath of the Revolution
[Establishment of Islamic republic
government]