Chapter 6 Bone Tissue 2304
Chapter 6 Bone Tissue 2304
Chapter 6 Bone Tissue 2304
“Bones Tissue”
1. Functions of the skeletal system
2. Classification of bones based on shape
3. General features of bone
4. Bone cells and matrix of bone
5. Compact and spongy bone
6. Bone marrows
7. Bone development
8. Overview of bone growth and remodeling
SKELETAL SYSTEM:
Defined: Includes all of the bones of the human body
(total of 206), and their associated cartilages and
joints.
Functions:
1. Support – supporting framework for body
2. Protection – protects vital organs (brain and thoracic cavity)
3. Movement / levers- allows movement and flexion as well as
levers for different movements
4. Mineral storage- calcium and phosphate
5. Hematopoiesis- principal site for blood cell formation in red
marrow of flat bones (e.g. sacrum, sternum, etc.)
6. Electrolyte balance of calcium and phosphorus
7. Acid/Base balance buffers the blood calcium phosphate
8. Detoxification by absorbing heavy minerals
Classification based on the “shape”
• Long bones – bones that are longer than they are
wide Ex. Femur, tibia, fibula, ulna and humerus
• Short bones – bones that are shaped like a cube;
there is also a special class of short bones called
sesamoid bones. Ex. Tarsal, carpal, and patella.
• Flat bones – bones that are thin and flat.
Ex.Scapula, skull, ribs, and sternum.
• Irregular bones – bones that do not fit in any of the
prior categories because they have irregular shapes.
Ex. Vertebrae and hip bones.
Shapes of bones
“GROSS” structure of a typical bone
• Articular cartilage: Consists of Hyaline cartilage
covering the end of the bone surface where it
articulates with another bone,
(e.g. femur and tibia, humerus and scapula).
Fibrocartilage makes up the menisci of the
knee joints.
• Epiphyses: The end of the bone. One at each
end of long bones.
• Epiphyseal line: Remnant of the cartilaginous
“growth plate” or epiphyseal plate.
Typical bone structure
Bone structure
Periosteum: Tough outer connective tissue
covering on bone. Consists of 2 layers; outside
is dense irregular CT and deeper layer lined
with osteoblast and osteoclast cells. It is richly
supplied by blood vessels and nerves and
secured to bone by Sharpey’s fibers.