Eapp Lesson 4

English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
Lesson 4
SALLY C. GAWISAO
SST II
Various Techniques in
Summarizing a Variety
of Academic Texts
Learning Competency 3.
Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic
texts.
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson,

learners are expected to:

1. Define summarizing and summary from various
writers;
2. Identify the various techniques in summarizing;
and
3. Summarize various academic texts.
What is Summarizing?
- According to Buckley (2004), in her popular

writing text Fit to Print, summarizing is reducing
text to one-third or one-quarter its original size,
clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and
retaining main ideas.
- According to Diane Hacker (2008), in A
Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that
summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis
and main ideas “simply, briefly, and accurately”.
- From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a lot of
information and creating a condensed version that
covers the main points; and to express the most
important facts or ideas about something or someone
in a short and clear form.
Summarizing
- a brief restatement of a text’s main points
- Selecting out key features of a text to create a
shorter version of the original text.
AIMS OF SUMMARIZING
1. to produce the main idea and key points of a text
2. to restate in a few word as possible
Main Idea
- is the topic of the text
Key Points
- Are the arguments used to explain the main
idea
THINGS TO REMEMBER:
- Focus on the text that summarize.
- Do not add any opinion.
- Summary can be made in two or more
sentences depending on the original text you
summarize.
2. Do not quote extensively.

BENEFITS OF SUMMARIZING:
1. It helps to identify key ideas of a text and
ignore irrelevant information.
2. Improves one’s memory and by extension
one’s comprehension.
3. It is an effective tool to self evaluate what
have you understand about the original text.
Various techniques in summarizing a
variety of academic texts
1. Read the work first to understand the author’s

intent. This is a crucial step because an
incomplete reading could lead to an
inaccurate summary.
Note: an inaccurate summary is plagiarism!
2. One of the summarization techniques you can do
is to present information through facts, skills and
concept in visual formats. You can provide the
cause and effects charts, time lines, and Venn
diagrams, templates for outlines, use flow charts
or infographics.
Graphic Organizers
- are shapes, lines, figures, drawings or
sketches that are used to make a visual display
of the key information.
T-CHART Used for:
• Comparison
• Cause and Effect
• Mnemonics/Acronyms
GRID
Used for:
T-CHART
3. To avoid difficulty, you need first to know
the main points and the supporting details.
You can exclude any illustrations, examples or
explanations.
4. You need to analyze the text to save time in
thinking what you will do.
5. Think what information you will put in your

summary. Be sure to cover the main points and
arguments of the document.
6. One of the best things to do in auto summarizing is
restating the words into different one. You should avoid
using the original words of the author instead; use your
own vocabulary but be sure to retain the information.
7. You will fully understand what the
document is when you organize all ideas.
8. One of the things you can do is to write

down all information in a coherent and
precise form. Keep in mind that a
summary is a condensed version of the
original paper, so avoid making it long.
9. You can also decide to represent
information through using dimensional
constructions in representing concepts,
skills or facts.
10.Paraphrasing is one of the skills you

can do in writing a summary. With it, do
not use the same words with
the author.
With the tips mentioned, you will no longer worry
whenever you need to summarize because it is your
one stop solution to having a fantastic summary that
offer nice details to readers. Follow the tips and you
will not make mistakes.
Example 1: Japanese Rail Tunnel
Due to an increase in traffic between the various island which make

up Japan, and predictions of a continuing growth in train travel, a rail
tunnel was built to connect the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. The
Seikan Tunnel in Japan is today the longest tunnel in the world, with
a length of almost 54km. When the tunnel was opened in 1988, all
existing trains went through it. However, newer Japanese bullet
trains have never used the tunnel because of the cost of extending
the high speed line through it. Consequently, the train journey from
Tokyo to Sapporo still takes about ten hours. In contrast, the journey
by air takes only three and a half hours. This has combined with the
fall in the cost of flying, has meant that more people travel by plane
than train and the tunnel is not used as much as forecasters had
predicted.
Summary
The longest railway tunnel in the world links the islands of
Honshu & Hokkaido. This 54km tunnel was inaugurated in
1988 to deal with the predicted increase in rail traffic.
However, the fall in the cost of flying and the fact that high
speed trains cannot use the tunnel have resulted in the tunnel
being less widely used than expected.
Let’s
Practice
Let’s Do It
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English for Academic and

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson,

- According to Buckley (2004), in her popular

2. Do not quote extensively.

1. Read the work first to understand the author’s

5. Think what information you will put in your

8. One of the things you can do is to write

10.Paraphrasing is one of the skills you

Due to an increase in traffic between the various island which make

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