MATERIAL

PORTFOLIO

SIR MV SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE IX SEM

SUSHMA K M
MANGALORE TILES
 MANGLORE TILE ROOFING MATERIAL
Mangalore tiles (also Mangalorean tiles) are a type of tile native[1] to the
city of Mangalore, India. Typically considered to be a part of Spanish and
Italian architectural styles, the tiles were first introduced to India in 1860 by
German missionaries of the Basel Mission of Switzerland, who also
established weaving enterprises. Since that time, the industry has
flourished in India with these red tiles, prepared from hard laterite clay, in
great demand throughout the country. They are exported to Myanmar, Sri
Lanka, and the Far East and even as far as East Africa, the Middle East,
Europe, and Australia[citation needed]. These were the only tiles
recommended for government buildings in India under the British Raj.

Old Manglore tiles, from an old site in Karachi, Pakistan.

These tiles still define Mangalore's skyline and characterize its urban
setting. They are a popular form of roofing and are preferred over concrete
due to their good quality.

These tiles are of flat pattern and they provided with suitable projection so that they interlock with each other, when placed in
position.
• Tiles are red in colour. Tiles are available for hip ridge and valley portion.
• Fifteen tiles are required for covering 1 square meter of an roof area.
• Tiles are manufactured in Mangalore, Cochin, Calicut, Gujarat.
• Became popular in rural and semi urban areas and used by middle and low income group people. Life expectancy 25 years
with replacement of about 5% per year.
• The dimensions of Mangalore tiles are Effective length x effective width - 410 x 235 mm, 420 x 250 mm, 425 x260mm.
HISTORY
The German missionary Plebot (Georg Plebst in reality) set up the first tile factory at Mangalore in 1860, after he found large deposits of clay by
the banks of the Gurupura (also Phalguni) and Nethravathi (also Bantwal) rivers. It was called "The CommonWealth Trust Ltd." or locally referred
to as Basel Mission tile factory, and was the first ever tile factory in India, located on the banks of the Nethravathi river, near Morgan's
Gate,around 100 metres (0.10 km) from Ullal bridge.Currently Mphasis, An HP company has been established in this area.

Several other tile factories were established in the years that followed. In 1868, the Albuquerque tile factory producing these tiles was started by
Mr.Pascal Albuquerque at Panemangalore in South Canara. These were the only tiles to be recommended for Government buildings in India
during the British regime.The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, a World Heritage Site is also topped with these tiles due to their excellent quality and
were preferred over Bombay tiles by the structure's architect Frederick William Stevens.

Mangalore tile manufactured by J. H. Morgan & Sons (Mangalore)

Since the opening of the Albuquerque tile factory, Mangaloreans have been actively involved in manufacturing these red Mangalore tiles. In
1878, it was followed by the Alvares tile factory established by Mr.Simon Alvares of Bombay at Mangalore. The tiles produced by the factory were
in great demand throughout the Indian subcontinent and East Africa. Abundant deposits of clay, plenty of firewood from the Western Ghats and
cheap skilled labour helped the industry flourish.By the 1900s there were around 25 tile factories situated in and around Mangalore. By 1994
around 75 tile factories were present in Mangalore. As per the years 1991—1992 out of a selected 12 tile factories, 6 were owned by Hindus and
the other 6 by Christians. The factories along with these tiles also manufactured materials such as ridges, limestone and bricks.

Mangalore tile manufactured A Mangalore Tile from Tile Factory in Feroke, India
These tiles define Mangalore's skyline and by J. H. Morgan & Sons Adhyaksha Coragappa's Tile factory
characterize its urban setting

Old Manglore tiles, from an

old site in Karachi, Pakistan.

Mangalore tiles, sometimes known

as Calicut tiles closeup view
QUALITY AND USAGE
They provide excellent ventilation especially during summer and are aesthetically pleasing
as well. Some of them are especially made to be used for roofing kitchens (for the smoke to
escape) and bathrooms. Over a period of time, these tiles become dark to black from
constant exposure to soot and smoke. Clay tiles offer natural insulation, thereby reducing
the expense on electricity for heating or cooling as the case may be.

•Strength - permanent vs. disposable

•Fireproof - Class A fire rating
•Wind resistant - hurricane tested
•Hail resistant - lifetime warranty
•Appearance - Curb appeal, status
•Affordability - Low life cycle cost
•Energy efficient - Dead air space
•Seismic - USC testing

Since these clay tiles are molded under extreme heat, they are resistant to damage or destruction from fire.
These red colored clay tiles, unique in shape and size, are quite famous and are exported to all the corners of world. They are unique and are
made and available in different shapes and sizes depending on the users' need. Clay tiles are often white, yellow, orange or brown in color.
However, they can be colored or styled according to one’s preference by spraying enamel over the tile once it has been colored before baking it
in the kiln.
These tiles are not only eco-friendly but also cheap, durable and costs only one third of that of cement. Some of the buildings which are over 100
years old still have tile roofing.
Clay tiles are most apt for roofing solutions in coastal areas, and in regions that experience heavy rainfall. Clay tiles for a sloping roof offer
excellent water proofing in regions where it rains quite often. It is corrosion resistant, and has superior longevity compared to other materials.
The Mangalore tiles are generally placed inclined at forty five degrees. The tiles get their robust red colour due to the high proportion of iron
compound found in the laterite clay. A tile weighs about 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) to 3 kilograms (6.6 lb). These kinds of tiles are most popularly used in
Canara, Goa, Kerala, and the Konkan.
AVAILABILITY
The conventional size of Mangalore Tiles is 10 x 16 inches but are available
in different sizes to suit different requirements. Now, Glazed Mangalore
Tiles in different sizes are also available to suit the modern times.
Available Size (Inches) Req. Per Sft
16x10 1.3 no.s
11x7 2.2 no.s
9x6 3.2 no.s
8x5 4.5 no.s

Mangalore tiles are red coloured tiles prepared from laterite clay. It is eco-
friendly, cheap, durable and is available in different size and shapes as per users
need. Due to vast availability of sizes and shapes they are easy to handle and
install but precaution is needed as these are delicate and are vulnerable to
breakage. These tiles can be used in many creative ways but their maintenance is
an issue.

1.Size 300 to 400mm

2.Thickness 10mm
3.Material Clay,ceramic
4.Working life More than 50 years in design
5.kg/pc 2.25
6.pcs/m sq 10
7.Price 30
PREPARATION
First, enough clay is collected, placed in a mold and is precisely cut to measurement. Then, the
molded piece of clay with required length and thickness (or shape) is placed on another machine
which puts the factory logo and shapes it into a tile. Then, any extra clay is removed by hand and
sent or carried for firing and later glazing. It is heated in a kiln, and the density of the clay tile is
determined by the length of time and temperature at which it is heated.
Clay tiles are often white, yellow, orange or brown in color. However, they can be colored or
styled according to one’s preference by spraying enamel over the tile once it has been colored
before baking it in the kiln. The extreme heat of the kiln permanently bonds the color and
enamel to the tile, ensuring the color does not peel or fade away over time.
It was interesting, to say the least to see how both men and women worked cooperatively to
produce the final product. Once fired and glazed, it is ready, and is stored for transport/shipping.
A sloping roof with tiles demands basic geometry in the plan form, to ensure proper
matching of the slope angles, high points called ridges, low points called valleys,
edges called eaves, ends called hips or gables and such others.
As such, even before we start the construction, calculations and drawings become
necessary to ascertain that the roof sits properly! Carpenters who routinely do such
roofs have it all in their mind. If tile has to top a RCC roof (such double roof lacks
design logic), placing the tiles on mortar strips is a better detailing than pasting all
tiles over a thick layer of mortar. Once pasted, locating water seepage and replacing
the cracked tile is very difficult. Both tile and mortar being good conductors of heat,
such roofs do not provide passive cooling. Incidentally, Mangalore tiles might have
been criticised , but building with sloping roofs has not reduced much, suggesting a
continuing validity for the idea.
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• As wonderful as clay tile roofing is, it does
• Of the many advantages of clay tile come with disadvantages as well.
roofing, it durability is probably the • The first is the weight of the individual tiles. If
biggest one. your home already has this type of roof, then
• Any roofing material that can last for over the roof was built strong enough to support it.
100 years has to be good! Another • However, if you are installing them for the first
advantage is that it is available in a variety time, you need to be sure that your roof can
of shapes, sizes, and colors, unlike regular support the weight.
shingles, adding more character and • You may need to add support beams before
interest to the appearance of your home. beginning installation.
• It also has reflective properties, which • The other real disadvantage is the cost.
help to increase the efficiency of heating Though much more expensive than other
and cooling systems. types of roofing materials initially, the fact that
• This type of material is not susceptible to they probably will never need replaced should
mold or rot, can withstand hurricane- be considered.
force winds, and does not shrink and • Concrete tiles with many of the same
expand with the temperature like wood. properties are available as well. Many people
choose this as a substitute for clay.
CASE-STUDY
SIR MV SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE IX SEM
LATHASHREE P

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