Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 24 views

    Acute Bronchitis

    Uploaded by

    PIYALI BISWAS
    Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi (airways) in the lungs. Acute bronchitis usually occurs after a viral upper respiratory infection and lasts a few weeks. Chronic bronchitis is caused by repeated lung irritation and smoking. Symptoms include a cough producing mucus. Treatment involves rest, fluids, cough suppressants, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Chronic bronchitis requires long-term management with bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen therapy, and vaccinations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Acute Bronchitis

    Uploaded by

    PIYALI BISWAS
    24 views24 pages
    Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi (airways) in the lungs. Acute bronchitis usually occurs after a viral upper respiratory infection and lasts a few weeks. Chronic bronchitis is caused by repeated lung irritation and smoking. Symptoms include a cough producing mucus. Treatment involves rest, fluids, cough suppressants, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Chronic bronchitis requires long-term management with bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen therapy, and vaccinations.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi (airways) in the lungs. Acute bronchitis usually occurs after a viral upper respiratory infection and lasts a few weeks. Chronic bronchitis is caused by repeated lung irritation and smoking. Symptoms include a cough producing mucus. Treatment involves rest, fluids, cough suppressants, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Chronic bronchitis requires long-term management with bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen therapy, and vaccinations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views24 pages

    Acute Bronchitis

    Uploaded by

    PIYALI BISWAS
    Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi (airways) in the lungs. Acute bronchitis usually occurs after a viral upper respiratory infection and lasts a few weeks. Chronic bronchitis is caused by repeated lung irritation and smoking. Symptoms include a cough producing mucus. Treatment involves rest, fluids, cough suppressants, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. Chronic bronchitis requires long-term management with bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen therapy, and vaccinations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    BRONCHITIS

    PIYALI BISWAS
    MSC NURSING 2ND YEAR
    DEFINITION
    Acute bronchitis is the inflammation
    of the bronchi in the lower respiratory
    tract usually due to infection.
    It usually occurs as a sequela to an
    upper respiratory tract infection.
    A type of acute bronchitis seen in
    chronic obstructive pulmonary
    disease (COPD) is acute exacerbation
    of chronic bronchitis.
    AECB is a potentially serious
    condition that may lead to respiratory
    failure.
    What Causes Chronic
    Bronchitis?
    Chronic bronchitis is caused by
    repeated inflammation of the lung
    tissues. People at highest risk for
    chronic bronchitis are those who
    have occupational exposure to
    lung irritants (such as coal
    miners, construction workers,
    metal workers, etc.), and
    smokers. High levels of air
    pollution can also contribute to
    developing chronic bronchitis
    incidence
    Acute bronchitis affects 44 out of 1,000 adults (older
    than 16 years) annually, with 82 percent of episodes
    occurring in fall or winter.
    Acute bronchitis was the fifth most common reason
    to present to a general practitioner in Australia.
    Almost 5% of the general population develops acute
    bronchitis annually in the US, with the highest
    incidence during the fall and winter months.
    anatomy and physiology
    The lungs are the essential
    organs of respiration; they are
    two in number, placed one on
    either side within the thorax, and
    separated from each other by the
    heart and other contents of the
    mediastinum.
     Each lung is conical in shape,
    and presents for examination an
    apex, a base, three borders, and
    two surfaces. The lungs are
    asymmetrically paired. The right
    lung is divided by major and
    minor fissures into three lobes:
    functions of the lungs
    The function of the lungs is respiration and
    protection.
    The lungs maintain the respiration of the body as
    it oxygenates blood and transport it to the rest of
    the body.
    It protects the body as it filters the air we breathe
    before letting it into the body.
    etiological factors
    pathophysiology
    Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to
    inflammation and leads to neutrophils infiltrating the
    lung tissue.
    Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance
    released by neutrophils.
    Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more
    goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of
    chronic bronchitis.
    Although infection is not the reason or cause of
    chronic bronchitis, it is seen to aid in sustaining the
    bronchitis.
    clinical manifestations
     Persistent cough following an acute
    upper respiratory airway infection ( eg:
    rhinitis,pharyngitis)
     Cough is often accompanied by
    production of clear mucoid sputum
     Some patients may produce purulent
    sputum.
     Associated symptoms include:
     Fever
     Headache
     Malaise
     Shortness of breath on exertion.
    diagnostic findings
    Physical examination
    may reveal mildly
    elevated
    temperature,pulse and
    respiratory rate.
    Normal breath sounds or
    rhonchi
    Expiratory wheezing
    Chest x-ray
    collaborative care
    Acute bronchitis is usually self limiting and
    the treatment is generally
    supportive,including fluids,rest and
    antiinflammatory agents.
    Cough suppressants or bronchodilators
    may be prescribed for wheezing and
    nocturnal cough.
    Antibiotics generally are not prescribed
    unless the person has a prolonged infection
    associated with constitutional symptoms.
    If it is due to influenza virus,treatment with
    antiviral drug must be initiated within
    48hrs of the onset of symptoms.
    The COPD patients with severe
    AECB is usually treated
    empirically with broad spectrum
    antibiotics for 5 to 7 days.
    Early initiation of antibiotic
    treatment in COPD patients has
    resulted in a decrease in relapses
    and a decrease in hospital
    admissions.
    Can Bronchitis Be Treated At
    Home?
    If symptoms of bronchitis are not
    severe, home remedies include:
    Drink plenty of fluids
    Quit smoking
    Take over-the-counter fever-
    reducing medications such as
    aspirin, acetaminophen
    (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil,
    Motrin), naproxen (Aleve) if
    advised by a doctor
    Get plenty of rest
    How Is Chronic
    Bronchitis Treated?
    Chronic bronchitis may be
    treated with:
    Inhaled bronchodilators
    Inhaled or oral steroids
    Supplemental oxygen
    Yearly flu vaccinations
    Pneumococcal vaccination
    prognosis
    Acute bronchitis usually lasts a few days or weeks. It may
    accompany or closely follow a cold or the flu, or may occur on
    its own.
    Bronchitis usually begins with a dry cough, including waking
    the sufferer at night. After a few days, it progresses to a wetter or
    productive cough, which may be accompanied by fever, fatigue,
    and headache.
    The fever, fatigue, and malaise may last only a few days; but the
    wet cough may last up to several weeks.
    Should the cough last longer than a month, some physicians
    may issue a referral to an otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose and
    throat doctor) to see if a condition other than bronchitis is
    causing the irritation.
    It is possible that having irritated bronchial tubes for
    as long as a few months may inspire asthmatic
    conditions in some patients.
    In addition, if one starts coughing mucus tinged with
    blood, one should see a physician. In rare cases,
    physicians may conduct tests to see whether the cause
    of the bloody sputum is a serious condition such as
    tuberculosis or lung cancer.
    nursing management
    Ineffective Breathing Pattern
    RT Retained Secretions
    Impaired Gas Exchange RT
    Altered Oxygen Balance
    Sleep Pattern Disturbance
    RT Difficulty of Breathing
    Risk for Spread of Infection
    RT Stasis of Secretions &
    Decreased Ciliary Action
    bibliography
    Bare.brenda G,SMELTZER.SUZANNE C.BRUNNER AND
    SUDDARTH'S,TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL
    NURSING-Volume 2.edition 19th.philadelphia.A lippincott
    williams and wilkins publishers (2004).page no:643-650
    2.Black.joyce.M,Hawks.jane hokanson.Medical surgical
    nursing-volume 2,20TH
    EDITION.PHILADELPHIA.SAUNDERS COMPANY.page
    no:1844-1849
    3.lewis.heitkemper,dirksen;o'BRIEN,BUCHER.MEDICAL
    SURGICAL NURSING7TH
    EDITION.SINGAPORE.ELSEVIER PUBLISHERS.PAGE
    NO-569-575
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_bronchitis
    www.webmd.com/lung/tc/acute-bronchitis-topic-
    overview
    www.medicinenet.com › ... › lungs az list ›
    bronchitis (acute) index
    www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/acutebronchitis.html

    You might also like