DAY1 01 Networking Fundamentals
DAY1 01 Networking Fundamentals
DAY1 01 Networking Fundamentals
Network: is basically all the components (H/W & S/W) involved in connecting computer across small and large distance Importance of Networks: Easy access and sharing of information Sharing of expensive devices and network resources Modern Technologies (IP telephony, Video on Demand, .etc)
Network components
Network has three main components Computers (servers and hosts) - Source of applications (network aware applications) - ex: HTTP (Hyper Text Transmission Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Telnet Network Devices - Devices that interconnect different computers together - ex: Repeaters, hub, bridge, switch, router, NIC and modems Connectivity - Media that physically connect the computers and network devices - ex: Wireless and cables
Network Topologies
Topology: How devices are connected together Physical Topology: It describes how devices are physically cabled Logical Topology: It describes how devices communicate across physical topology
Bus Topology
A bus topology uses a single backbone cable that is terminated at both ends. All the hosts connect directly to this backbone.
Ring Topology
A ring topology connects one host to the next and the last host to the first. This creates a physical ring of cable.
Star Topology
A star topology connects all cables to a central point of concentration.
Hierarchical Topology
A hierarchical topology is similar to an extended star.
Mesh Topology
A mesh topology is implemented to provide as much protection as possible from interruption of service. Each host has its own connections to all other hosts. Although the Internet has multiple paths to any one location, it does not adopt the full mesh topology.
Network Types
LAN (Local Area Network): It is a group of network components that work within small area MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): It is a group of LANs that are interconnected within small area WAN (Wide Area Network): It is a group of LANs that are interconnected within large area
OSI model
To address the problem of networks increasing in size and in number, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) researched many network schemes and recognized that there was a need to create a network model that would help network builders implement networks that could communicate and work together and therefore, released the OSI reference model in 1984.
Memorize it!
Encapsulation Process
TCP/IP model
7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical Transport Internet Network Access Application
2 Models Side-By-Side
7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical Transport Internet Network Access Application
The application layer of the TCP/IP model handles high-level protocols, issues of representation, encoding, and dialog control.
The transport layer provides transport services from the source host to the destination host. It constitutes a logical connection between these endpoints of the network. Transport protocols segment and reassemble upper-layer applications into the same data stream between endpoints. The transport layer data stream provides end-to-end transport services.