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Filipino Indigenous Research Methods

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The key takeaways are that the document discusses different indigenous Filipino research methods such as Pakapa-kapa method, Panunulayan method, Paktatanong-tanong method, Pakikipagkwentuhan method, and Ginabayang Talakayan method.

The different indigenous research methods discussed in the document are Pakapa-kapa method, Panunulayan method, Paktatanong-tanong method, Pakikipagkwentuhan method, and Ginabayang Talakayan method.

Some characteristics of the Paktatanong-tanong method are that it involves participation, uses the language of the respondent, and maintains equality of status between the researcher and informant.

FIL I PI N O IN D IG E NO U S

R E S E A R C H M E T H OD S
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO RESEARCH MEHTODS
PAKAPA-KAPA MEHTOD
PANUNULUYAN MEHTOD
PAGTATANONG-TANONG METHOD
PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN METHOD
GINABAYANG TALAKAYAN METHOD
PAKAPA-KAPA MEHTOD
• An approach characterized by groping, searching, probing into an unsystematized mass
of social and cultural data to be able to obtain order, meaning, and directions for
research.

• Implies an exploration into cultural, social or psychological data without the chains of
overriding theoretical framework borrowed from observations outside the focus of
investigation.

• Can be related to unobtrusive techniques because the actual procedures for collecting
information may range from observation, documentation, intervention, participation.
PANUNULUYAN MEHTOD
• INTERACTION TECHNIQUES, LEVELS OF RELATIONSHIP MULA PANINIMBANG
HANGGANG MALALIMANG PAKIKIPAGPALAGAYANG-LOOB
• APPROACHES:
Panunuluyan: ang kontekstong pisikal at teknolohikal.
Pakikipagkapwa: ang batayang panlipunan ng pakikipanuluyan
Makataong pakikipag-ugnayan: pagdalaw, paninirahan, pananahanan, pakikisuno
Pakikibagay: pakikitulog at pakikikain.
Pakikiramdam at paninimbang: paraan at batayan ng pakikipagpalagayang-loob
PANUNULUYAN MEHTOD
•PAMAMARAAN • PAGSASAKATUPARAN
Panimulang pagsasanay Pagbati at pagpapakilala
Paglalakbay at pakikisuno Pag-aayos ng mga dala-dalahan
Paghimpil sa pook Pakikipagpalagayan
Pagtingin-tingin sa maaaring panuluyan Pagtulong-tulong
Paghanap ng tulay Pagpalit-palitang paggamit ng mga metodo
Pagdalaw sa pakikipanuluyan Paggawa ng pananaliksik
Pamamaalam at pasasalamat
PANUNULUYAN MEHTOD
• SULIRANING ETIKAL:
Pagsasabi ng layunin ng pananaliksik
Pagkasangkapan sa pagkakaibigan
Pagsasabi sa kinalabasan ng pananaliksik
Paghingi ng pahintulot
Pagtanaw ng utang na loob/pamemerwisyo
Pagbubunyag ng natuklasang katiwalian
PAGTATANONG-TANONG METHOD
Pagtatanong-tanong, filipino word for “asking questions,” the repetition of ‘tanong’ to
‘tanong-tanong’ indicates seriousness of purpose, one is truly determined to get
answers to ones questions

Pagtatanong-tanong is part of everyday casual interaction, researcher must plan very


well for certain conditions, consider convenience and comfort of informants, their
language, norms, values, and background (history, within/between group differences,
activities, policies).

The level of the relationship that exists between the researcher and the informant
significantly influences the quality of data obtained (santiago-enriquez model).
PAGTATANONG-TANONG METHOD
• MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS:
1. PARTICIPATORY IN NATURE
2. EQUALITY OF STATUS
3. APPROPRIATE AND ADAPTIVE
4. INTEGRATED WITH OTHER INDIGENOUS METHODS

• PREPARATION:
Pagtatanong-tanong is part of everyday casual interaction, researcher must plan very well for certain
conditions, consider convenience and comfort of informants, their language, norms, values, and
background (history, within/between group differences, activities, policies)
PAGTATANONG-TANONG METHOD
• PROCEDURE OF PAGTATANONG-TANONG:
Get to know the people, place, lifestyle
Greet informants, give credentials (name the go between)
Go tell them the purpose of the study
Give an estimate of the expected length of the session
Guide questions are used when necessary
Goodbye and thank you is not abrup
PAGTATANONG-TANONG METHOD
• PRINCIPLES OF PAGTATANONG-TANONG:
The level of the relationship that exists between the researcher and the informant
significantly influences the quality of data obtained (santiago-enriquez model).

The language of the respondent is used in the conduct of pagtatanong-tanong


The use of pakikiramdam as ‘feeling for another’ (cultural sensitivity), through this the
researcher knows when to ask or avoid questions, interprets a ‘yes’ for a ‘no’.

The equality of status is maintained, as it is a dialogue (informant is a kausap or


person spoken with) not an interview.

CONT.
PAGTATANONG-TANONG METHOD
The issue of reliability: consistency of response can be checked by repeating the
question in a different way.

The problem of investigator bias and data contamination can be solved by having
more than one person do the pagtatanong-tanong

The problem of investigator bias and data contamination can be solved by having
more than one person do the pagtatanong-tanong

Familiarity with the language, values, cultural norms, will optimize accuracy and
relevance of interpretations
PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN METHOD
•Kuwentuhan is an occasion for exchange of information,
ideas, insights, and opinions also it is a sharing of beliefs,
thoughts, and experiences.
•Pakikipagkwentuhan is an informal, free, as well as a social
process of exchanging information, thoughts, and
knowledge that is part of human daily activities.
PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN METHOD

• DIFFERENT WAYS OF PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN:


ORAL (PASALITA)
WRITTEN (PASULAT)
TRANSMITTED (PASALIN-SALIN) THROUGH TIME
REQUEST (PAKI – PAGHINGI NG PAHINTULOT)
PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN METHOD
• PROCEDURE OF PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN:
INITIALLY MAKE VISITS (PADALAW-DALAW) BEFORE LIVING-IN THE COMMUNITY
(PANUNULUYAN)
INTRODUCE YOURSELF TO THE COMMUNITY
INVITE YOURSELF TO COMMUNITY GATHERINGS
INITIATE A CONVERSATION WHEN IN A NATURAL CLUSTER
INVEST TIME IN STORY SHARING SESSION
PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN METHOD
• PRINCIPLES OF PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN:
COLLECTIVE ORIENTATION (PANANALIKSIK NA SAMA-SAMA)
CONTAINS THE PROCESS OF VALIDATION (PAGPAPATOTOO)
CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL REALITY (PAGBUBUO)
CLUSTER AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS (PAGSALI SA LIKAS NA UMPUKAN
WITH A TOPIC TO TALK ABOUT BUT WITHOUT A THEME (MAY PAKAY PERO WALANG PAKSA)
WORTH OR VALUE OF STORY PRODUCED FROM THE KWENTUHAN SESSION (KWENTA NG KWENTO
VALIDITY: TRUSTWORTHINESS NOT TRUTH (MAPAGKAKATIWALAAN KAYSA MAKATOTOHANAN)
RELIABILITY: CERTIFICATION NOT (PAGPAPATOTOO, PAGPAPATIBAY)
GINABAYANG TALAKAYAN METHOD
• COLLECTIVE DISCUSSION TECHNIQUE
• ‘SAMA-SAMA’ ORIENTATION

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