Direction:

Carefully read each item.

Write the letter of the best
answer. Use ½ yellow paper
for your answers.
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 1. What cultural term refers to people’s convictions that hold to be
true?
A. Belief C. Religion
B. Culture D. Tradition

2. What cultural term refers to the experience of personal

disorientation when
confronted with an unfamiliar way of life?
A. Cultural Adaptation C. Cultural Shock
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B. Cultural Relativism D. Cultural Variation

 3. What cultural terms refer to the evaluation of another culture
according to the
standards of one’s culture?
A. Cultural Adaptation C. Cultural Variation
B. Cultural Relativism D. Ethnocentrism

4. What sociological term refers to shared beliefs, values, and

practices?
A. Belief C. Religion
B. Culture D. Tradition
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 5. What cultural terms refer to the groups that share a specific
identification,
apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within
a larger
society?
A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
B. High Culture D. Subculture

6. What is the cultural pattern of the elite?

A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
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B. High Culture D. Subculture

 7. What is the cultural pattern followed by the mainstream of
society?
A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
B. High Culture D. Subculture

8. What are the cultural patterns or traits that are globally

common to all
societies?
A. Cultural Shock C. Cultural Variation
B. Cultural Universal D. Subculture
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 9. What cultural practice is being used to assess a culture using
its own
standards, and not by comparison to another culture?
A. Cultural Adaptation C. Cultural Variation
B. Cultural Relativism D. Ethnocentrism

10. What cultural patterns reject and oppose society’s widely

accepted
cultural patterns?
A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
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B. High Culture D. Subculture

 variation,
cultural
relativism,

and
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And here your subtitle.

 Objectives:
At the end of the lesson,
the learner should be able to:
1. define cultural variation, cultural
relativism, and ethnocentrism; and
2. explain the importance of cultural
relativism in attaining cultural
understanding.
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 Activity 1: Chef be Like!
Scenario:
-You are a chef in the world food exhibit.
-The exhibit aims to showcase how local cuisines have
adapted the techniques of other culinary traditions.
-As a delegate of the Philippine team, you will select dishes
that represent the fusion of our local delicacy.
-Which of the following suggested cuisines you will select?
After selecting, discuss the influences of the cuisine with sets
of judges who will evaluate your presentation.
Write your 1 whole sheet of yellow paper.
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 We all belong to one specie.
You may have noticed that we
have different physical
characteristics, behavioral
patterns, languages, cultural
patterns, and environmental
conditions.
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 Human are social being. Since the dawn
of Homo sapiens around 250,000 years
ago, people formed groups or
communities in order to survive.
Living together as one in one
community, people had formed common
habits and behaviors from hunting
techniques to family fostering.
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 As each human group experiences
different environmental conditions,
cultural variations are established.
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 Cultural Variation refers to the rich
diversity in social patterns that different
human group exhibit around the world.
Music, dance, languages, cuisine, and
art are different from one culture to
another.
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 The variation in human conditions
promotes diversity in cultural traditions.
What may be considered good practice
in one culture may be considered bad
practice in one another.
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 Comparing the traditions practiced by
Muslims that pork served in their meals
are forbidden because it says in their
Holy Quran while for the Christian
community, pork is a part of their meal.
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 As people travel farther, moving from different regions to
entirely different parts of the world, certain aspects of
culture become dramatically unfamiliar.

What happened when we encounter different cultures?

As we interact with different cultures other than our own,

we become aware of the differences or diversity and
commonalities between our own and others’ world.
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 Note:
We must remember that cultural
variation or diversity do not only occur
between people’s culture coming from
different countries, but also between
people with different practices within the
same country.
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 Comparison of one’s culture to another
reveal obvious differences but all
cultures share common elements.
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 Cultural Universals are patterns or traits
that are globally common to all societies.

One example of cultural universality is

the family unit. Every human group
recognizes the family as the building
blocks of the society that regulates
sexual reproduction and the care of their
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children.
 Another example of cultural universal is
the language and the concept of giving
names to member of the family.
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 Variation between Cultures
Within a human group, certain segments of society
develop cultural patterns that differ from the
patterns of the dominant society.

1. Subculture is a culture shared with a distinctive

pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differ
from a larger society. The group of society that
exhibits subcultures have a specific and unique set
of beliefs and values that set them apart from the
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dominant culture.
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 2. Counter Culture is a cultural practice by groups
whose values and norms place it at odds with
mainstream society or a group that actively rejects
the dominant cultural values and norms.

Example:
A Paramilitary is a semi-militarized force whose
organizational structure, tactics, pieces of training,
and functions are similar to a professional military
and not included as a part of formal armed forces
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like NPA and ISIS groups.

 3. High Culture is a culture practiced and
patronized by the upper classes of society.

Example: watching opera, classical music, and live

theater
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 4. Popular Culture is a culture practiced or
patronized by the middle and working classes of
society.

Example: Watching soap operas over the

television, movies, and rock concerts
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 Many cultures around the world believe that their
beliefs, and practices are in fact superior to that of
others. This mentality sometimes leads to
discrimination and ostracism.

Ethnocentrism is the regard that one’s own culture

and society are the center of everything and seen
as the most efficient and superior among the
cultures in the world.
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 A person who exhibits ethnocentrism feels that his
or her culture is correct and appropriate as
compared to other cultures thus an ethnocentric
attitude can be a problem in understanding each
other culture and foster tensions,
misunderstanding, and conflicts between societies.

Ethnocentrism can be so strong but when

confronted with all of the differences of a new
culture, one may experience culture shock.
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 Culture Shock is the feeling of being disoriented,
uncertain, out of place, or even fearful when immersed in
an unfamiliar culture.

As people experience unanticipated differences from their

own culture, their excitement gives way to discomfort and
doubts about how to behave appropriately in the new
situation.

However, while people learn more about the culture,

eventually they will recover from culture shock.
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 Culture shocks may appear because people aren’t
always expecting cultural differences.

People evaluate a particular culture based on their

own culture which often gives problems and bias due
to his or her own perspective that his or her culture is
efficient and appropriate for the environment.
When faced with a plurality of cultures, one must
adapt the conceptual tool of cultural relativism.
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 Cultural Relativism is the practice of
assessing a culture by its own standards
rather than viewing it through the lens of
one’s own culture. It is the practice that
one must understand in the context of
their locality.
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 Practicing cultural relativism requires an open
mind and a willingness to consider, and even
adapt to, new values and norms.

Using the lens of cultural relativism, members

of society can be more tolerant towards
different attitudes and practices of others’
cultures. It also promotes the idea that a
society has to be viewed from the inside so
that the inner aspects can be explained.
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 Ferraro and Andretta as mentioned by
Custodio advocate that cultural relativism is a
more culturally relative approach to
understanding human groups.

They said that one can build emotional

resilience by understanding one’s culture by
not necessarily meaning to offend them but be
guided by their own cultural norms.
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 Advantages of Cultural Relativism:

1. It promotes cooperation.
Embracing the differences of the different societies
can create cooperation because it allows a stronger
bond with one another in society.

2. Respect and Equality are encouraged.

People from different cultures with different ideas that
share their own perspectives and experiences in
society can promote respect and equality.
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 3. It preserves human cultures.
Respect for the diverse set of traditions, ideas, and
practices would help preserve the culture.

4. Cultural relativism creates a society without

judgment.
Worrying and practicing your own culture prevent
disagreement & judgment in society.
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 Culture is evolving.

New things are added to material cultures every day

can cause cultural change.

Cultural Change is observed when new opens up

new ways of living and when new ideas enter a
culture as a result of globalization.
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 Activity 2:
Which of the following pictures
portrays Ethnocentrism or Cultural
Relativism
Write your answers on the ½ yellow
paper.
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 ______________ ______________
____________ _____________2.
____1.
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 ______________ ______________
____________ _____________4.
____3.
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 ______________
____________
____5.
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 Activity 3
Scenario:
One of the lasting issues that multicultural
countries face is racism and discrimination.

Even in the most developed countries like the

United States, this issue haunts them.

If you are the president of that country, how will

you address the issue of racism and
discrimination to break cultural barriers?
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 Rubrics:
15pts - Had given 4 solutions to address
the issue of racism and discrimination
10pts - Had given 2 solutions to address
the issue of racism and discrimination
5pts - Had answered but irrelevant
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 Post Assessment:
Direction: Read carefully each item.
Write the letter of the best answer.
Use separate sheets for your
answers. ½ yellow paper
SLIDESMANIA
 1. What cultural term refers to the perspective
that promotes an individual’s culture as the
most efficient and superior?
A. Cultural Relativism C. Culture Shock
B. Cultural Variation D. Ethnocentrism

2. Which of the following statement is NOT an

aspect of culture?
A. Air C. Cuisine
B. Arts D. Music
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 3. What cultural concept underscores the idea
that culture in every society should be
understood and regarded on its own?
A. Cultural Relativism C. Culture Shock
B. Cultural Variation D. Ethnocentrism

4. What cultural term refers to an experience of

a person when he moves to a cultural
environment that is different from his own?
A. Cultural Relativism C. Culture Shock
B. Cultural Variation D. Ethnocentrism
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 5. Which of the following statements is NOT
TRUE about cultural relativism?

A. It is a problematic form of classification of

human groups
B. It is a perspective that promotes cultures in
the context of the locality
C. It is a culturally relative approach to
understanding human groups
D. Understanding the society using cultural
relativity promotes respect and equality
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 6. What cultural term refers to the rich diversity
of traditions and patterns the different human
groups exhibit around the world?
A. Cultural Relativism C. Culture Shock
B. Cultural Variation D. Ethnocentrism

7. Which of the following terms is NOT an

example of Counter Culture?
A. ISIS Group C. NPA
B. LGBT Group D. Terrorist
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 8. What variation of culture is being patronized
by the middle classes of society?
A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
B. High Culture D. Subculture

9. What variation of culture is being patronized

by the upper classes of society?
A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
B. High Culture D. Subculture
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 10. What variation of culture is being practiced
when a small segment of the society deviates
from the dominant society?
A. Counter Culture C. Popular Culture
B. High Culture D. Subculture
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