CCNA-Internship Presentation
CCNA-Internship Presentation
CCNA-Internship Presentation
E SAI VINEETH
2451-19-735-061
Branch: ECE
MVSR Engineering College
• Networking is a essential part of the modern world
• INTRODUCTION
Introduction to networks include architecture, models, protocols and
networking elements that connect users, devices, applications and data
through the internet and across modern computer networks
• The internet has changed the manner in which our social, commercial,
political, and personal interactions occur.
Physical layer is the base layer of the networking models , it provides a channel
for the transportation of bits (data) from one end to other end .
Physical layer accepts and sends complete frames to data link layer across the
network
The physical layer defines the transmission interface between devices and
transmission medium.
The data link layer of the OSI model prepares network data for the physical
network. The data link layer is responsible for network interface card (NIC) to
network interface card communicatons.
The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN data link layer consists of following sublayers:
• Logic Link Control (LLC)
• Media Access Control (MAC)
The data link layer encapsulates data for transport across the local media by
attaching a header and a trailer to create a frame as shown in the figure
Network Layer
Network Layer is the third layer of the OSI model . It handles the service
requests from the transportation and further forwards the service request to
the data link layer.
The Network layer translates the logical address into physical addresses, it
determines the route from source to destination and also manages the traffic
problem such as routing and switching and controls the congestion of the
data
Routers implement routing protocols to route packets between networks. The routing
performed by these intermediary devices examines the network layer addressing in the
packet header.
Various Shortest Paths routing algorithms are: Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Bellman Ford’s
Address Resolution
ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. ARP is a network layer protocol
which is used to find the physical address from the IP address.
ARP request & ARP reply are two terms associated with Adress resolution
Cisco ISR 4321 router is equipped with two Gigabit Ethernet interfaces:
• GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 (G0/0/0)
• GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 (G0/0/1)
IPv4
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit hierarchical address that is made up of a network
portion and a host portion.
IPv4 gives 232 addresses and the addresses are written in the dot-decimal
notation, which comprises of four octets of the address expressed individually
in decimal and separated by periods, for instance, 192.168.1.5
A source can send the packets to destination(s) in different ways such as:
• Unicast
• Broadcast
• Multicast
IPv4
IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal
values. Every four bits is represented by a single hexadecimal digit.
FDEC:BA98:7654:3210:ADBF:BBFF:2922:FFFF
The transport layer is the link between the application layer and the lower
layers that are responsible for network transmission.
It provides the interface between the applications used to communicate, and the underlying network over which messages
are transmitted.
The TCP/IP application protocols specify the format and control information necessary for many common internet
communication functions.
Application layer protocols are used by both the source and destination devices during a communication session.
• Configure Interfaces
• Networking fundamentals
• IP addressing
• Cisco Packet tracer
• Data Communication
CONCLUSION
The course introduces the architectures, models, protocols, and networking elements that connect users, devices,
applications and data through the Internet and across modern computer networks- including IP addressing and
Ethernet fundamentals.
• Knowledge about how a small network operates and security aspects in a network is learnt
• A small network using a router is built in this internship work using Cisco Packet Tracer
REFERNCES
• CCNA: Introduction to Networking version-7 Course material
• Data Communication and Computer Networks Course file, Matrusri Engineering College
THANK YOU!