Congestive Cardiac Failure
Congestive Cardiac Failure
Congestive Cardiac Failure
FAILURE
BY
WARDAH KHALID
02 (M) : 2012-17
INTRODUCTION
• Congestive cardiac failure describes the
condition of the body where the heart can’t
meet the demands of the body by not pumping
enough blood.
– Heart attack
• An artery supplying blood to the heart becomes blocked
• Loss of oxygen and nutrients damages heart muscle tissue
causing it to die
• Remaining healthy heart muscle must pump harder to keep
up
– HYPERTENSION
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure doubles a persons
risk of developing heart failure
• Heart must pump harder to keep blood circulating
• Over time, chamber first thickens, then gets larger and
weaker (muscular hypertrophy)
–Severe anemia
• Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen
• Heart beats faster and can become overtaxed with the effort
–Hyperthyroidism
• Body metabolism is increased and overworks the heart
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHIES
• Stiffer and less compliant heart muscles, ventricles cant easily
stretch out and fill with as much blood , which leads to
diastolic HF.
RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
blood supply to kidney activates R-A-A system
fluid retention heart filling and preload
contraction strength by FSM.
FRANK-STARLING MECHANISM
Loading up ventricle with blood during diastole and stretching
out the cardiac muscles makes it contract with more force
which increases the Stroke volume during systole.
Signs and Symptoms
– Shortness of Breath (dyspnea)
• WHY?
– Blood “backs up” in the pulmonary veins because
the heart can’t keep up with the supply an fluid
leaks into the lungs
• SYMPTOMS
– Dyspnea on exertion or at rest
– Difficulty breathing when lying flat
– Waking up short of breath
– Persistent Cough or Wheezing
• WHY?
– Fluid “backs up” in the lungs
• SYMPTOMS
– Coughing that produces white or pink blood-tinged sputum
– Edema
• WHY?
– Decreased blood flow out of the weak heart
– Blood returning to the heart from the veins “backs up”
causing fluid to build up in tissues
• SYMPTOMS
– Swelling in feet, ankles, legs or abdomen
– Weight gain
– Pulmonary edema
– Tiredness, fatigue
• WHY?
– Heart can’t pump enough blood to meet needs of bodies tissues
– Body diverts blood away from less vital organs (muscles in
limbs) and sends it to the heart and brain
• SYMPTOMS
– Constant tired feeling
– Difficulty with everyday activities
– Beta-blockers
• Lower the heart rate and blood pressure
• Decrease the workload of the heart
– Blood-thinners (coumadin)
• Used in patients at risk for developing blood clots in the
blood vessels, legs, lung and heart
• Used in irregular heart rhythms due to risk of stroke
– Surgery and other Medical Procedures
• Not often used in heart failure unless there is a
correctable problem
• SURGERY : Coronary artery bypass, Stents, Grafts
• Angioplasty
• Valve replacement
• Defibrillator implantation (Cardiac Resynchronization
Therapy, Pacemaker)
• Heart transplantation (end-stage HF)
• Ventricular assist device (VAD) helps in pumping,
works like bypass mechanism (BiVAD)
THANK YOU