Crime Causation Tom
Crime Causation Tom
Crime Causation Tom
causation
Early criminological theories
PROPONENTS:
Giambatista dela Porta -founder of human physiognomy
Acc to him, criminal behavior may be predicted based on facial feature of a
person
Johann Kaspar Lavater –he supported the belief of dela porta
- he believed that a person's character is revealed through his facial characteristics.
PHRENOLOGY
the study that deals with the relationship between the skull and human behavior
Study of the external formation of the skull in relation to the person's personality
and tendencies toward criminal behavior.
Franzjoseph gall- he developed cranioscopy which later
renamed as phrenology.
Thestudy that deals with the relationship between the
skull and human behavior.
Hutchings and mednick- they studied 1, 145 male adoptees with criminal
records and found the criminality of the biological father was a major predictor of
the child's behavior.
Modern perspective on biological determinism-
the newest biological theories, which some
advocates call biosocial theories, focus on broad
range of biological factors including genetic and
environmental.
Nature theory- it argues that intelligence is
largely determined genetically, that ancestry
determines I,Q and that low intelligence as
demonstrated by low I,Q is linked to
criminal behavior.
Nurture theory- it refers to all the environmental
variables that impact who were are including our
childhood experiences, how we were raised, our social
relationship and our surrounding culture.
COMMITMENT
refers to an individual’s investment of energy and emotion in conventional
pursuits
INVOLVEMENT
refers to the amount of time an individual spends on a conventional
pursuit
BELIEF
- refers to acceptance of the norms of conventional society
Differential identification theory-
Person pursue criminal behavior to the extent that he identifies himself with real
or imaginary person from whose perspective his criminal behavior.
Economic determinism- insisted that society's
economic substructure shapes all other institutions
and relationship.
Karl marx- emphasized the economic basis of societal conflict which gave birth
to the economic substructure determines the nature of all other institution and
social relationship in society.
In his view the emergence of capitalism produces economic inequality in which
the workers is exploited by the capitalist class.
This exploitation creates poverty and also the root of other social problems
Conflict theory- is interested in understanding
how the social and criminal justice system respond
differentially to person suspected of violating the
law.
Instrumentalist theory- he claimed the higher classes are
using the existence of the state to exploit the lower classes
by making rules for their own protection, benefit and
interest.
Earl richard quinney
Critical criminology- is a generic term encompassing many
different theoretical position united by the common view that
society is best characterized by conflict and power relations rather
that by value consensus
Feminist criminology- focuses on trying to understand female offending from
feminist perspective, which contends that women are faced with special disabilities
living in an oppressive sexist society.
-attemps to define criminology and criminal justice based upon the understanding,
experiences and view of the world by the women.
Peacemaking criminology- it is based on religious principle more than empirical
science. It wants to make peace on crime, counsel us what we should appreciate
the criminal's point of view and wants us to be less punitive
Left realism- focuses upon the reason why people of the working class prey
upon one another that is victimized other people on their own race and kind.
Developmental theory-follow individuals across the life course to determine the
differential effect of risk factors for offending at different junctures.
Moffits dual pathway theory- there are two main pathway to offending: life
course persistent and adolescent limited.
LCP offenders have neurological and temperamental difficulties which are
exacerbated by inept parenting. LCP offenders do across time and situation, begin
prior puberty, and continue well into adulthood.
Ans B
2. the idea that low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the
leniency which police treat female offenders.
a. doing gender
b. masculinity hypothesis
c. chivalry hypothesis
d. pre-menstrual syndrome
Ans C
3. the following are characteristics of classical theory . except
a. the basis of criminal liability is human free will
b. man is essentially a moral creature with an absolute freewill to choose between
good and evil, thereby placing more stress upon the effect or result of the
felonious act than the man.
c. there is scant regard to the human element
d. man is subdued occasionally by strange and morbid phenomenon which
constrain him t do wrong contrary to his volition
Ans D
4. why Cesare Lombroso became the father of criminology?
a. he is the founder of Italian school
b. he was the first criminologist who used scientific principles in order to
determine the causes of crime
c. he wrote criminal man
d. he explained that criminal are born
Ans B
5. bruno grows up in homes where his parents abuse alcohol and he sees it that
drinking is socially and physically beneficial. He went out to see his friend
buknoy to drink alcohol. At the house of buknoy, he wonders how his friend looks
so happy, even they had the same disrupted family. His friend buknoy told him,
getting high on marijuana is good to forget problems of life, so buknoy teaches
him the proper way to smoke a joint. Eventually bruno became a notorious drug
dealer
a. differential reinforcement theory
b. differential association theory
c. differential opportunity
d. differential identification theory
Ans B
6. in the book "On crime and punishment" what was said to be the most effective
means of controlling crime
a. death penalty
b. monetary fine
c. life imprisonment
d. certainty of punishment
Ans D
7. which of the following is not a requirement for a punishment to be an effective
deterrent ?
a. lengthy
b. severe
c. celerity
d. certainty
Ans A
8. among the different body types WIlliam Sheldon presented in his study, he
considered this one to be the most likely to become criminal
a. endomorph
b. ectomorph
c. mesomorph
d. morpling
Ans C
9. which is an attempt at scientific analysis of the study of causes or reason for a
crime
a. penology
b. criminal psychology
c. sociology of law
d. etiology of crimes
Ans D
10. CJ , 18 years old he wanted to succed no matter what, he had gotten decent
grades, but when he tied to get a job after graduation, he couldn't get hired. All the
adult he knew worked hard for something they never got. They had low paying
menial jobs and could barely afford a place to live and food for their families,
their children were left believing that they would have similar problems getting
ahead in any meaningful way. So CJ had to look at other ways to succeed.
a. differential reinforcement theory
b. differential association theory
c. differential opportunity
d. differential identification theory
Ans C
11. This theory puts the focus on the process of naming behaviors and the people
that perform the.
a. functionalist
b. rational choice theory
c. anomie
d. social reaction theory
Ans D
12. what theory considers crime as a natural phenomenon
a. somatotyping
b. differential association theory
c. anomie theory
d. pyscho-analytical theory
Ans C
13. What is the primary theoretical assumption of neo classical criminologist
make about human decision making
a. human decision making is inherently irrational
b. human decision making is always rational when it comes to crime
c. human decision making can be rational when it comes ot crime but can be
clouded by emotion
d. human decision making is rational or irrational depending on the individual
Ans D
14. Which of these statement best describes a marxist perspective on crime
a. crime is a result of low moral fiber brought on by greed and corruption
b. crime is the result of legal structure that fail to take womens experience into
account
c. crime is a direct result of those at the top of the power structure killing off other
power players trying to attain the top position
d. crime is a result of conflict between the ruling class and the exploited working
class.
ANS D
15. Science of improving human off spring
a. genetics
b. eugenics
c. criminology
d. heredity
Ans B
16. this school of criminology was established based on philosophy of
utilitarianism. It was particularlary known as the classical school. What is that
treatise on the egal reform that became the pillar of the school;
a. classical school
b. positivist school
c. essay on crime and punishment
d. let the punishment fit the crime
Ans C
17. Crime in one instance may be cause by one or more factor, while in other
instances it is caused by another set of factors
a. single
b. double
c. eclectic
d. multiple
Ans B
18. Any crime committed by an individual from a lower social class as opposed to
white collar crime which is associated with crime committed by individual of a
higher social class:
a. blue collar crime
b. white collar crime
c. blue corner
d. public order crime
Ans A
19. Mr. Crisanto had witness a rape scene and volunteered to estify in court on
what he has perceived on that day. In the topographical model according to freud,
on what level of awareness Mr. crisanto will get his testimony
a. conscious
b. pre- conscious
c. id
d. unconscious
Ans B
20. This theory believe that becoming a criminal is a discovering occurrence in
which potential felons master techniques that enables them to compensate
conventional values and drift and forth between illegitimate and conventional
behavior
a. containment
b. economic
c. neutralization
d. differential reinforcement theory
Ans C
The end
thank you