Group 1 - Theocracy

THEOCRAC
Y
By:
Kiezza F. Bolina
Jan Mayen S. Dumat-ol
Lenly Grace G.
Garganza
Freslyn B.
DEFINITION
• The origin of the word "theocracy" is from the 17th century from the Greek
word "theokratia." "Theo" is Greek for God, and "cracy" means
government.
• defers not to civil development of law, but to an interpretation of the will of

a God as set out in religious scripture and authorities.
• its lawmakers actually believe that leaders are governed by the will of God
and laws are written and enforced that are predicated on this belief.
Characteristics
• The laws and rules are considered to be set by God or another deity, and
these men first serve their deity, not the people
• The succession of rulers may occur by inheritance or may be passed

from one dictator to another of his own choosing.
• Laws and the legal systems are faith-based
• Governmental structure is typically that of a dictatorship or monarchy.

history
The concept of theocracy was first coined by the Jewish historian Flavius
Josephus (37 CE–c. 100 CE).
Attempting to explain to Gentile readers the organization and political system

of the Jewish commonwealth of his time, Josephus contrasted theocracy with
other forms of government, such as monarchy, oligarchy, and republics: “Our
legislator [Moses] had no regard to any of these forms, but he ordained our
government to be what, by a strained expression, may be termed a theocracy
[ theokratia ], by ascribing the authority and power to God, and by
persuading all the people to have a regard to him, as the author of all good
things” (Josephus 1737).
history
• In ancient Egypt and Tibet, kings were represented and even incarnated
the deity.
(In pharaonic Egypt, the king = divine or semidivine figure who ruled
largely through priests.)
• This was also the case in Early American civilizations, such as the Mayas,
Toltecs, Aztecs, and Natchez
Countries with theocratic government
Afghanistan
• Islamic sharia law.
• The ultimate aim of the country’s fundamentalist regime is to unify the
Afghani people under a common religious law. Political power lies
almost exclusively in the hands of the religious leaders of the
fundamentalist regime.
Islamic Republic of iran

• In 1979, following a revolution, the Shah(monarch) was
overthrown from his position by the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
As the leader of the revolution, Khomeini then became the
leader of Iran’s new Islamic State. He implemented a political system
in
the country based on traditional Islamic beliefs.
Mauritania
• In 1980s, Colonel Mohammed Khouna Ould Heydallah, the military
head of the country, enhanced the country’s orientation from a Western-
styled government structure towards sharia law, with the introduction
of strict Islamic jurisprudence.
Saudi Arabia
• The Holy Quran and the Sunni School of Islam - serve as the country’s
constitution.
• Although law does not directly forbid other religions to be practice in the
country, the practice of religions other than Islam is abhorred by the Saudis'
Islamic-dominant society. Anyone in the country caught in an attempt to insult Islam
or promoting any other faith there is subjected to strict
punishment, which may go as far as death.
Sudan
• Even though the constitution of the country mentions the sharia-
derived laws, it also leaves space for a more liberal attitude towards people
of other beliefs than Islam. This allows the Government punish anyone
when deemed necessary as per the dictates
of the sharia law, while at the same time protecting itself from allegations
of religious intolerance.
Yemen
• Islamic sharia law dictating the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches of the government.
• However, politics of Yemen is in an uncertain state due to a 2014-15

coup détat
Vatican City
• absolute theocratic elective monarchy that is guided by the
principles of a Christian religious school of thought
• This is also perhaps the only monarchy in the world that is non-
hereditary in nature.
VATICAN CITY STATE
• arose with the Lateran Treaty, signed between the Holy See and Italy on
11 February 1929 and ratified on 7 June 1929.
• Constitution: previous 1929, 1963; latest adopted 26 November 2000,

effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State)
VATICAN CITY STATE
State organs
Head of State: Supreme Pontiff (Pope), who has the fullness of
legislative, executive and judicial powers
• bishop of Rome and ex officio leader of the worldwide Catholic

Church
VATICAN CITY STATE
State organs
Executive Power
•Cardinal President of the Pontifical Commission (President of the
Governorate)
- is assisted by the Secretary General and the Deputy
Secretary General.
Judiciary Power
• a single Judge, a Court, an Court of Appeal and a Court of
Cassation, which exercise their attributions in the name of the Supreme
Pontiff
VATICAN CITY STATE
State organs
Legislative Power
• issued by the Supreme Pontiff as well as, in his name, by the
Pontifical Commission (composed of a Cardinal President and other
Cardinals, appointed for a five-year term) which also promulgates the
general regulations
• In the drawing up of laws, and in other matters of particular
importance, the Pontifical Commission and the President of the Governorate
can avail themselves of the assistance of the General Councilor and the
Councilors of the State.
• draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and
considered by the pope
VATICAN CITY STATE
Extraterritorial
International protection of the territory
• under the protection of the Hague Convention of 14 May 1954,
concerning the protection of cultural assets in the event of armed
conflict
• In 1984, then, the Vatican City was included in the list of world
cultural and natural heritage, referred to in the UNESCO Convention of 16
November 1972 on the protection of this heritage.
• The State is thus recognized, even in international discipline, as a
moral, artistic and cultural heritage worthy of being respected and
protected as a treasure belonging to humanity.
VATICAN CITY STATE
Extraterritorial
Access to the sea
• Although the Vatican City State does not have direct access to the
sea, however, by virtue of the 1921 Barcelona Declaration, it is
admitted to sea navigation with its own ships flying the Papal
flag. However, the state does not currently exercise this right.
VATICAN CITY STATE
citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: no
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: not applicable
All the city’s residents (just over 800) are immigrants—clergy

and other personnel who support the administrative
and spiritual leadership of the church. In fact, citizenship is based
entirely on having a job in Vatican City.
VATICAN CITY STATE
citizenship
citizenship is acquired by law, ex iure, or by adminstrative decision;
1. in the first instance, citizenship is a function of holding office within the
Holy See
2. may be requested in a limited set of circumstances for those who reside
within Vatican City under papal authorization, as a function of
their office or service, or as the spouses and children of current
citizens;
3. citizenship is lost once an individual no longer permanently resides in
Vatican City, normally reverting to the citizenship previously held
THE END

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THEOCRAC

Jan Mayen S. Dumat-ol

• defers not to civil development of law, but to an interpretation of the will of

• The succession of rulers may occur by inheritance or may be passed

• Laws and the legal systems are faith-based

• Governmental structure is typically that of a dictatorship or monarchy.

Attempting to explain to Gentile readers the organization and political system

Islamic Republic of iran

• However, politics of Yemen is in an uncertain state due to a 2014-15

• Constitution: previous 1929, 1963; latest adopted 26 November 2000,

• bishop of Rome and ex officio leader of the worldwide Catholic

All the city’s residents (just over 800) are immigrants—clergy

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